HNG 540: Exam 1 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What are the four concepts associated with pharmacokinetics?
Absorptions
Metabolism
Distribution
Elimination
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
protein binding
the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug
inactive but also keeping it within the body
Bioavailability
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Advantage of minimal protein binding
better tissue penetration as there is more free drug available
disadvantage of minimal protein binding
excreted much faster than a medication with a higher binding level
What does protein binding effect?
,distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Disadvantage of strongly bound protein drugs
will have lower concentration of free form drugs available for interaction, leading to longer
duration of action and low rates of elimination
True/False the unbound form of a drug cannot exert any effect
False - the remaining unbound portion of a drug is the ONLY portion that will exert any
effect
A drug displays 60% protein binding? What percentage will exert an effect?
40% of the drug is free/unbound, meaning that only that 40% will have an effect
What needs to be considered protein binding wise, when prescribing medications?
-patients serum protein levels
- dose of medication
Why must dosing be considered when prescribing medications in relation to protein
binding?
this should be considered to ensure maximum drug amount is available to have an effect on
the body
What factor can influence gastric absorption when a drug is being administered orally?
Lipid solubility
What type of drugs tend to be absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract?
lipophilic drugs
Why do lipophilic drugs get absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract and stomach?
, this is due to cell membranes in the GI tract being composed of lipids, allows these drugs to
cross more freely
first pass metabolism
the substance degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in
the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation
True/False only PO medications undergo first pass metabolism
False; all drugs regardless of route of administrations must pass through the liver before
reaching its target tissues and having therapeutic effects; many drugs are not active until they
reach the liver
What is the process of a PO drug going through first pass?
drug administered -> drug absorbed into the GI mucosa then to the blood stream-> portal
circulation -> Liver metabolizes -> biotransformations -> elimination
portal circulation
a system of veins from GI tract to liver
Liver metabolism (biotransformation)
metabolic reactions occurs mediated by enzymes changing structure to be more water soluble
allowing for ease of elimination
Phase I enzymes
CYP450
What is phase I metabolism?
Correct Answers
What are the four concepts associated with pharmacokinetics?
Absorptions
Metabolism
Distribution
Elimination
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
protein binding
the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug
inactive but also keeping it within the body
Bioavailability
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Advantage of minimal protein binding
better tissue penetration as there is more free drug available
disadvantage of minimal protein binding
excreted much faster than a medication with a higher binding level
What does protein binding effect?
,distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Disadvantage of strongly bound protein drugs
will have lower concentration of free form drugs available for interaction, leading to longer
duration of action and low rates of elimination
True/False the unbound form of a drug cannot exert any effect
False - the remaining unbound portion of a drug is the ONLY portion that will exert any
effect
A drug displays 60% protein binding? What percentage will exert an effect?
40% of the drug is free/unbound, meaning that only that 40% will have an effect
What needs to be considered protein binding wise, when prescribing medications?
-patients serum protein levels
- dose of medication
Why must dosing be considered when prescribing medications in relation to protein
binding?
this should be considered to ensure maximum drug amount is available to have an effect on
the body
What factor can influence gastric absorption when a drug is being administered orally?
Lipid solubility
What type of drugs tend to be absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract?
lipophilic drugs
Why do lipophilic drugs get absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract and stomach?
, this is due to cell membranes in the GI tract being composed of lipids, allows these drugs to
cross more freely
first pass metabolism
the substance degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in
the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation
True/False only PO medications undergo first pass metabolism
False; all drugs regardless of route of administrations must pass through the liver before
reaching its target tissues and having therapeutic effects; many drugs are not active until they
reach the liver
What is the process of a PO drug going through first pass?
drug administered -> drug absorbed into the GI mucosa then to the blood stream-> portal
circulation -> Liver metabolizes -> biotransformations -> elimination
portal circulation
a system of veins from GI tract to liver
Liver metabolism (biotransformation)
metabolic reactions occurs mediated by enzymes changing structure to be more water soluble
allowing for ease of elimination
Phase I enzymes
CYP450
What is phase I metabolism?
