SANS 401 GSEC Exam Question and
answers rated A+ 2026/2027
Network Topology - correct answer The Physical/Logical shape of a network
Logical Topology - correct answer Gives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's and where
they are placed on the physical topology
Trunk Port - correct answer Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
Baseband Systems - correct answer Transmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
Broadband - correct answer Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
Ethernet - correct answer Designed as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
CSMA/CD - correct answer Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
Unicast - correct answer Broadcast for a single device
Multicast - correct answer Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
Broadcast - correct answer Message for everyone to receive and process
Hub - correct answer Broadcasts packets to every single port
,Switch - correct answer Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) - correct answer Is a table that contains the MAC address and port
associated to that MAC Address
Virtual LAN (VLAN) - correct answer Splitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to certain ports
(Segment networks within a switch)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - correct answer A different way of switching packets that can be
used on a dedicated line
802.1x - correct answer Network Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication (Credentialed Question
of 2FA)
A security appliance should be set in place when - correct answer There is a change in trust level in the
network
Protocol - correct answer is an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer networks
communicate
OSI Protocol Stack (7) - correct answer Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
, Application Layer 7 OSI Stack - correct answer Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack - correct answer Makes data presentable to the application or user
(ASCII)
Session Layer 5 OSI Stack - correct answer Handles the establishment/maintenance of connections
between systems
Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack - correct answer Determines that application the packet should be sent to
through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
Network Layer 3 OSI Stack - correct answer Moving packets from one network to another network, uses
logical addressing instead of physical addressing
Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack - correct answer Takes a packet and frames it suitable for transmission
Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack - correct answer Network cable, electromagnetic radiation
TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4) - correct answer Layer 4) Application
Layer 3) Transport (TCP/UDP)
Layer 2) Internet (IP)
Layer 1) Network
Network Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - correct answer 10.1.2.0
Broadcast Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - correct answer 10.1.2.255
answers rated A+ 2026/2027
Network Topology - correct answer The Physical/Logical shape of a network
Logical Topology - correct answer Gives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's and where
they are placed on the physical topology
Trunk Port - correct answer Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
Baseband Systems - correct answer Transmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
Broadband - correct answer Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
Ethernet - correct answer Designed as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
CSMA/CD - correct answer Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
Unicast - correct answer Broadcast for a single device
Multicast - correct answer Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
Broadcast - correct answer Message for everyone to receive and process
Hub - correct answer Broadcasts packets to every single port
,Switch - correct answer Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) - correct answer Is a table that contains the MAC address and port
associated to that MAC Address
Virtual LAN (VLAN) - correct answer Splitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to certain ports
(Segment networks within a switch)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - correct answer A different way of switching packets that can be
used on a dedicated line
802.1x - correct answer Network Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication (Credentialed Question
of 2FA)
A security appliance should be set in place when - correct answer There is a change in trust level in the
network
Protocol - correct answer is an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer networks
communicate
OSI Protocol Stack (7) - correct answer Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
, Application Layer 7 OSI Stack - correct answer Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack - correct answer Makes data presentable to the application or user
(ASCII)
Session Layer 5 OSI Stack - correct answer Handles the establishment/maintenance of connections
between systems
Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack - correct answer Determines that application the packet should be sent to
through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
Network Layer 3 OSI Stack - correct answer Moving packets from one network to another network, uses
logical addressing instead of physical addressing
Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack - correct answer Takes a packet and frames it suitable for transmission
Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack - correct answer Network cable, electromagnetic radiation
TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4) - correct answer Layer 4) Application
Layer 3) Transport (TCP/UDP)
Layer 2) Internet (IP)
Layer 1) Network
Network Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - correct answer 10.1.2.0
Broadcast Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - correct answer 10.1.2.255
