BIO 201 Unit 3: The Muscular System-
ASU-Questions and All Correct
Answers.
Myo - - Answer means "muscle"
Myology - Answer the study of the muscular system
600+ - Answer amount of human skeletal muscles
skeletal, cardiac, smooth - Answer 3 kinds of muscle tissue
The Muscular System - Answer almost half of our body weight, converts the chemical energy
in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion
Functions of muscles - Answer movement (body, body parts, organ contents), stability
(posture and prevent movement), communication (speech, facial expression, and writing),
control of openings and passageways, body heat production
Connective Tissues of muscle - Answer fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Fascia - Answer separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and the
subcutaneous tissue
Epimysium - Answer fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle, outer surface grades into
the fascia
Perimysium - Answer surrounds fascicles, carry larger nerves and blood vessels, and stretch
receptors
Fascicles - Answer bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium - Answer thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surround each muscle fiber,
allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber
Deep fascia - Answer found between adjacent muscles
,Superficial fascia (hypodermis) - Answer found between skin and muscles, contains adipose
tissue
Tendons - Answer attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen
fibers, surrounded by epimysium over entire muscle and continuous with collagen fibers of
tendons
Collagen - Answer somewhat extensible and elastic, stretches slightly under tension and
recoils when released, resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
Skeletal muscle shapes - Answer strength of a muscle and the direction of its pull are
determined by shape and orientation of its fascicles; fusiform, trangular, parallel, circular,
pennate
Fusiform muscles - Answer thick in middle and tapered at ends (biceps brachii, gastrocnemius)
Triangular muscles - Answer also convergent muscles, broad at origin and tapering to a
narrower insertion (pectoralis major, temporalis)
Parallel muscles - Answer parallel fascicles, can span longer distances than other shapes
(recuts abdominus, zygomaticus major)
Circular muscles - Answer act as sphincters, ring around body opening (orbicularis oculi,
urethral, and anal sphincters)
Pennate muscles - Answer fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon; feather shaped; unipennate,
bipennate, or multipennate (palmar interosseus, rectus femoris, and deltoid)
Muscle attachments - Answer indirect (tendons), direct (fleshy), to dermis of the skin (facial
expression muscles)
Indirect attachment to bone - Answer tendons attach muscle to bone, collagen fibers of endo-,
peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon, from there the tendon merges into the
periosteum of bone, very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone (biceps brachii,
calcaneal tendon), aponeurosis
Aponeurosis - Answer tendon is a broad, flat sheet (palmar aponeurosis)
, Direct attachment to bone - Answer little separation between muscle and bone, muscle seems
to immerge directly from bone, margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
Origin - Answer bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
Belly - Answer thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion
Insertion - Answer bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
Functional groups of muscles - Answer action, prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator
Action - Answer the effects produced by a muscle (to produce/prevent movement)
Prime mover (agonist) - Answer muscle that produces most of force during a joint action
Synergist - Answer muscle that aids the prime mover, stabilizes the nearby joint, modifies the
direction of movement
Anatgonist - Answer opposes the prime mover, relaxes to give prime mover control over an
action, preventing excessive movement and injury, antagonistic pairs - muscles that act on
opposite sides of a joint
Fixator - Answer muscle that prevents movement of bone
Intrinsic muscles - Answer contained within a region, both its origin and insertion there
Extrinsic muscles - Answer act on designated region, but has origins elsewhere: fingers =
extrinsic muscles in the forearm
Characteristics of muscle - Answer responsiveness (excitability) to chemical signals, stretch,
and electrical changes across the plasma membrane, conductivity: local electrical change
triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber, contractility : shortens when
stimulated, extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions, elasticity: returns to
its original length after being stretched
Skeletal muscle - Answer voluntary, striated muscle attached to one or more bones, made up
of muscle cells/fibers called Myofibers
ASU-Questions and All Correct
Answers.
Myo - - Answer means "muscle"
Myology - Answer the study of the muscular system
600+ - Answer amount of human skeletal muscles
skeletal, cardiac, smooth - Answer 3 kinds of muscle tissue
The Muscular System - Answer almost half of our body weight, converts the chemical energy
in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion
Functions of muscles - Answer movement (body, body parts, organ contents), stability
(posture and prevent movement), communication (speech, facial expression, and writing),
control of openings and passageways, body heat production
Connective Tissues of muscle - Answer fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Fascia - Answer separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and the
subcutaneous tissue
Epimysium - Answer fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle, outer surface grades into
the fascia
Perimysium - Answer surrounds fascicles, carry larger nerves and blood vessels, and stretch
receptors
Fascicles - Answer bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium - Answer thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surround each muscle fiber,
allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber
Deep fascia - Answer found between adjacent muscles
,Superficial fascia (hypodermis) - Answer found between skin and muscles, contains adipose
tissue
Tendons - Answer attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen
fibers, surrounded by epimysium over entire muscle and continuous with collagen fibers of
tendons
Collagen - Answer somewhat extensible and elastic, stretches slightly under tension and
recoils when released, resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
Skeletal muscle shapes - Answer strength of a muscle and the direction of its pull are
determined by shape and orientation of its fascicles; fusiform, trangular, parallel, circular,
pennate
Fusiform muscles - Answer thick in middle and tapered at ends (biceps brachii, gastrocnemius)
Triangular muscles - Answer also convergent muscles, broad at origin and tapering to a
narrower insertion (pectoralis major, temporalis)
Parallel muscles - Answer parallel fascicles, can span longer distances than other shapes
(recuts abdominus, zygomaticus major)
Circular muscles - Answer act as sphincters, ring around body opening (orbicularis oculi,
urethral, and anal sphincters)
Pennate muscles - Answer fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon; feather shaped; unipennate,
bipennate, or multipennate (palmar interosseus, rectus femoris, and deltoid)
Muscle attachments - Answer indirect (tendons), direct (fleshy), to dermis of the skin (facial
expression muscles)
Indirect attachment to bone - Answer tendons attach muscle to bone, collagen fibers of endo-,
peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon, from there the tendon merges into the
periosteum of bone, very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone (biceps brachii,
calcaneal tendon), aponeurosis
Aponeurosis - Answer tendon is a broad, flat sheet (palmar aponeurosis)
, Direct attachment to bone - Answer little separation between muscle and bone, muscle seems
to immerge directly from bone, margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
Origin - Answer bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
Belly - Answer thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion
Insertion - Answer bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
Functional groups of muscles - Answer action, prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator
Action - Answer the effects produced by a muscle (to produce/prevent movement)
Prime mover (agonist) - Answer muscle that produces most of force during a joint action
Synergist - Answer muscle that aids the prime mover, stabilizes the nearby joint, modifies the
direction of movement
Anatgonist - Answer opposes the prime mover, relaxes to give prime mover control over an
action, preventing excessive movement and injury, antagonistic pairs - muscles that act on
opposite sides of a joint
Fixator - Answer muscle that prevents movement of bone
Intrinsic muscles - Answer contained within a region, both its origin and insertion there
Extrinsic muscles - Answer act on designated region, but has origins elsewhere: fingers =
extrinsic muscles in the forearm
Characteristics of muscle - Answer responsiveness (excitability) to chemical signals, stretch,
and electrical changes across the plasma membrane, conductivity: local electrical change
triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber, contractility : shortens when
stimulated, extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions, elasticity: returns to
its original length after being stretched
Skeletal muscle - Answer voluntary, striated muscle attached to one or more bones, made up
of muscle cells/fibers called Myofibers
