NR605 FINAL COMPLETE TEST, LATEST REVIEWED PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
2026 EDITION GRADED A+
cognitive-behavioral therapy - ANSWER -focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively
and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through his
research on depression
also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory - ANSWER -Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT - ANSWER -treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
depression
anxiety disorders
substance use disorders
eating disorders
severe mental illness
PTSD
Principles of CBT include: - ANSWER -way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self &
the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
,-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT - ANSWER -using a structured, collaborative approach to
help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) - ANSWER -helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change • addressing
issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use
disorders in the 1980s
collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI - ANSWER -reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles - ANSWER -acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex Understand the patient's motivation Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS - ANSWER Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
,mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client • convey empathy,
demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide opportunities for the client to
elaborate on their concerns
empower clients to take control of the conversation
recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
MI Phases of the Change Process - ANSWER -engagement
establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client • uses reflections
that communicate understanding
-focusing
identification of the direction or target of the change
uses open-ended questions
-evoking
identifying the client's motivation for change and evoking hope • uses reflections and
summaries
-planning
creating a plan for change
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) - ANSWER -helps individuals accept life's
challenges while focusing on their values and goals
learning how to relate to thoughts & feelings which impact life rather than changing those
thoughts & feelings
-referred to as a "third wave" CBT therapy
-Accepting reactions and being present
-Choosing a valued direction
-Taking action
-Used for:
depression, anxiety, substance use, chronic pain, transdiagnostic combinations of conditions
solution-focused therapy (SFT) - ANSWER -future-oriented approach
-helps client ID problems & construct solutions that will result in change
-postmodern thinking
reality is shaped by multiple and conflicting "truths" & constructed through human interaction
there are as many stories of meaning as there are people involved
-fourth force of psychotherapy
transpersonal, going beyond the ideas of humanness, identity, and self-actualization
, -client is considered to be the expert of their lives
-focus from the problem to the solution
-grew out of the work at the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee in the 1970s
influenced by many psychotherapists, work at the Mental Research Institute in California, and
the philosophies of Buddhism and Taoism
solution-focused therapy Key Concepts and the Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER -
Solutions talk
Shift talk from problems to solutions
-Positive orientation
Shift focus from problems to new possibilities
-Looking for what is working
Focus on the exceptions within problem patterns
Indications for SFT - ANSWER -used for individual or group therapy across settings
marriage, family, and child therapies
trauma
postpartum depression
depression
eating disorders
severe mental illness
how SFT is used to alleviate anxiety - ANSWER 4-Step Approach for Overcoming Anxiety
-Identify the meaningful parts of life that the anxiety is blocking.
-Shift the focus away from the anxiety itself toward the meaningful goal.
-Create a list of positive messages that would motivate you toward that goal.
-Be gentle with yourself - you're not alone. Many of the people you meet may be working
through something similar.
Behavioral theory - ANSWER -Personality is a result of the interaction between an ind. and
their environment.
-focus on observable and measurable behavior
-Skinner
associated with the concept of operant conditioning, using rewards and punishments to
increase or decrease a behavior
-Pavlov
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
2026 EDITION GRADED A+
cognitive-behavioral therapy - ANSWER -focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively
and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through his
research on depression
also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory - ANSWER -Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT - ANSWER -treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
depression
anxiety disorders
substance use disorders
eating disorders
severe mental illness
PTSD
Principles of CBT include: - ANSWER -way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self &
the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
,-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT - ANSWER -using a structured, collaborative approach to
help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) - ANSWER -helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change • addressing
issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use
disorders in the 1980s
collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI - ANSWER -reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles - ANSWER -acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex Understand the patient's motivation Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS - ANSWER Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
,mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client • convey empathy,
demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide opportunities for the client to
elaborate on their concerns
empower clients to take control of the conversation
recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
MI Phases of the Change Process - ANSWER -engagement
establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client • uses reflections
that communicate understanding
-focusing
identification of the direction or target of the change
uses open-ended questions
-evoking
identifying the client's motivation for change and evoking hope • uses reflections and
summaries
-planning
creating a plan for change
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) - ANSWER -helps individuals accept life's
challenges while focusing on their values and goals
learning how to relate to thoughts & feelings which impact life rather than changing those
thoughts & feelings
-referred to as a "third wave" CBT therapy
-Accepting reactions and being present
-Choosing a valued direction
-Taking action
-Used for:
depression, anxiety, substance use, chronic pain, transdiagnostic combinations of conditions
solution-focused therapy (SFT) - ANSWER -future-oriented approach
-helps client ID problems & construct solutions that will result in change
-postmodern thinking
reality is shaped by multiple and conflicting "truths" & constructed through human interaction
there are as many stories of meaning as there are people involved
-fourth force of psychotherapy
transpersonal, going beyond the ideas of humanness, identity, and self-actualization
, -client is considered to be the expert of their lives
-focus from the problem to the solution
-grew out of the work at the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee in the 1970s
influenced by many psychotherapists, work at the Mental Research Institute in California, and
the philosophies of Buddhism and Taoism
solution-focused therapy Key Concepts and the Role of the Psychotherapist - ANSWER -
Solutions talk
Shift talk from problems to solutions
-Positive orientation
Shift focus from problems to new possibilities
-Looking for what is working
Focus on the exceptions within problem patterns
Indications for SFT - ANSWER -used for individual or group therapy across settings
marriage, family, and child therapies
trauma
postpartum depression
depression
eating disorders
severe mental illness
how SFT is used to alleviate anxiety - ANSWER 4-Step Approach for Overcoming Anxiety
-Identify the meaningful parts of life that the anxiety is blocking.
-Shift the focus away from the anxiety itself toward the meaningful goal.
-Create a list of positive messages that would motivate you toward that goal.
-Be gentle with yourself - you're not alone. Many of the people you meet may be working
through something similar.
Behavioral theory - ANSWER -Personality is a result of the interaction between an ind. and
their environment.
-focus on observable and measurable behavior
-Skinner
associated with the concept of operant conditioning, using rewards and punishments to
increase or decrease a behavior
-Pavlov
