Nur 210 Exam 4 | Questions
and Answers | Verified
Solutions | 2026 Edition |
Pass A-
Answer: a persistent elevated blood pressure; not
a single reading; has to be three or more measurements
of elevated blood pressure to be considered
hypertension; has to be at different visits
Q: what is hypertension?
Answer: diastolic; when your heart is in diastole
it is at rest so we prefer this reading to not be
greater than 85; if it is greater than 90 on those
three separate readings they will most likely need
some type of blood pressure control
Q: which reading are we more concerned with the
diastolic or systolic reading?
Answer: normal textbook blood pressure is
considered a systolic of less than 120 and a diastolic
of less than 80 pre hypertension: systolic is 120-139;
diastolic is 80-89; do not automatically put on
medications; encourage to have lifestyle changes (diet
exercise smoking) hypertension stage 1: systolic is
140-159; diastolic is 90-99; begin treating with blood
pressure medications hypertension stage 2: systolic is
greater than or equal to 160; diastolic is greater
than or equal to 100; on medications
Q: how do we classify blood pressure?
Answer: if the person has renal disease kidney
disease diabetes
Q: what are exceptions that we would treat pre
hypertension with medications?
, Answer: primary/essential: no identifiable cause;
affects people 25-74; chronic progressive disorder
secondary: has identifiable cause
Q: what are the different types of hypertension?
Answer: greater than 60 years old with a BP of
150/90 less than 60 with a BP greater than or equal to
140/90 diabetic with BP of 140/90 no matter how old
Q: what do the updated JNC guidelines recommend
for initiation of treatment of hypertension?
Answer: hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous
system hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin system
increase aldosterone levels with retention of sodium
and water which increases blood volume and blood
pressure endothelial disfunction: non-obstructive
coronary artery disease; no heart artery blockages but
the large blood vessels on the hearts surface narrow
instead of dilate causing the BP to increase
Q: what are some factors that may cause someone to
have primary/essential hypertension?
Answer: genetics ethnic groups: African Americans
are more likely to have hypertension than any other
racial or ethnic group; due to higher renal retention
of sodium gender: higher prevalence of hypertension in
men at younger ages age: loss of arterial elasticity
leading to increased BP obesity: people with higher
BMI lead to an increase in blood volume and therefore
an increased BP smokers: when you smoke you increase
peripheral vascular resistance; increasing BP and HR
diabetes: increased in peripheral vascular resistance
because they have vascular remodeling and increased
body fluid volume associated with insulin resistance
which both elevate systemic BP hyperlipidemia: high
cholesterol; cholesterol clogs arteries they become
narrow leads to constriction and high BP high sodium
diet: increased volume leads to increased BP
, Q: what are the risk factors for primary
hypertension?
Answer: renal/kidney disease coronary artery
disease: narrowing vessels constriction increased BP
toxemia of pregnancy: problem with placenta causing BP
to rise; preeclampsia or eclampsia drug therapy: oral
contraceptive therapy: produce changes in renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system; if there is more
aldosterone secretion blood pressure rises sleep
apnea: normally BP falls at night when we are sleeping
but doesn't do this with sleep apnea; every time
oxygen level drops BP rises causing surge in
adrenaline putting stress on the heart
Q: what are the identifiable causes of secondary
hypertension?
Answer: progressively damage arteries causing
renal artery stenosis which causes increases in BP
Q: What is one mechanism of kidney disease?
Answer: high BP; may start to see protein in the
woman's urine after 13 weeks of pregnancy eliminate
problem by delivering the baby
Q: what is eclampsia?
Answer: majority of clients asymptomatic for weeks
months or years no symptoms does not mean they are not
getting damage
Q: what are the short Q effects of high blood
pressure?
Answer: MI: heart attack heart failure kidney
disease stroke peripheral artery disease retinopathy
Q: what are the long Q effects of high blood
pressure?
, Answer: want to avoid end organ damage to brain
heart kidneys because it leads to long Q effects
Q: what is the main goal when someone has
hypertension?
Answer: chest pain difficulty breathing fluid in
their lungs cerebrovascular accident hypertensive
encephalopathy (confusion headache convulsion)
elevated blood sugar hypertensive retinopathy MI
hypertensive cardiomyopathy hypertensive nephropathy
Q: what are symptoms of patients with high blood
pressure?
Answer: treat hypertension to reduce morbidity and
mortality without decreasing the quality of life with
the drugs employed morbidity: illness or disease
mortality: death
Q: what are the objectives of hypertensive
therapy?
Answer: arterial pressure = cardiac output x
peripheral resistance
Q: what are the primary deQinants of arterial
blood pressure?
Answer: heart rate contractility blood volume
venous return
Q: what is cardiac output deQined by?
Answer: arteriolar constriction
Q: what is peripheral resistance deQined by?
Answer: the volume of blood that the heart pumps
in one minute
Q: what is cardiac output?
Answer: 4-8 L per minute
and Answers | Verified
Solutions | 2026 Edition |
Pass A-
Answer: a persistent elevated blood pressure; not
a single reading; has to be three or more measurements
of elevated blood pressure to be considered
hypertension; has to be at different visits
Q: what is hypertension?
Answer: diastolic; when your heart is in diastole
it is at rest so we prefer this reading to not be
greater than 85; if it is greater than 90 on those
three separate readings they will most likely need
some type of blood pressure control
Q: which reading are we more concerned with the
diastolic or systolic reading?
Answer: normal textbook blood pressure is
considered a systolic of less than 120 and a diastolic
of less than 80 pre hypertension: systolic is 120-139;
diastolic is 80-89; do not automatically put on
medications; encourage to have lifestyle changes (diet
exercise smoking) hypertension stage 1: systolic is
140-159; diastolic is 90-99; begin treating with blood
pressure medications hypertension stage 2: systolic is
greater than or equal to 160; diastolic is greater
than or equal to 100; on medications
Q: how do we classify blood pressure?
Answer: if the person has renal disease kidney
disease diabetes
Q: what are exceptions that we would treat pre
hypertension with medications?
, Answer: primary/essential: no identifiable cause;
affects people 25-74; chronic progressive disorder
secondary: has identifiable cause
Q: what are the different types of hypertension?
Answer: greater than 60 years old with a BP of
150/90 less than 60 with a BP greater than or equal to
140/90 diabetic with BP of 140/90 no matter how old
Q: what do the updated JNC guidelines recommend
for initiation of treatment of hypertension?
Answer: hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous
system hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin system
increase aldosterone levels with retention of sodium
and water which increases blood volume and blood
pressure endothelial disfunction: non-obstructive
coronary artery disease; no heart artery blockages but
the large blood vessels on the hearts surface narrow
instead of dilate causing the BP to increase
Q: what are some factors that may cause someone to
have primary/essential hypertension?
Answer: genetics ethnic groups: African Americans
are more likely to have hypertension than any other
racial or ethnic group; due to higher renal retention
of sodium gender: higher prevalence of hypertension in
men at younger ages age: loss of arterial elasticity
leading to increased BP obesity: people with higher
BMI lead to an increase in blood volume and therefore
an increased BP smokers: when you smoke you increase
peripheral vascular resistance; increasing BP and HR
diabetes: increased in peripheral vascular resistance
because they have vascular remodeling and increased
body fluid volume associated with insulin resistance
which both elevate systemic BP hyperlipidemia: high
cholesterol; cholesterol clogs arteries they become
narrow leads to constriction and high BP high sodium
diet: increased volume leads to increased BP
, Q: what are the risk factors for primary
hypertension?
Answer: renal/kidney disease coronary artery
disease: narrowing vessels constriction increased BP
toxemia of pregnancy: problem with placenta causing BP
to rise; preeclampsia or eclampsia drug therapy: oral
contraceptive therapy: produce changes in renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system; if there is more
aldosterone secretion blood pressure rises sleep
apnea: normally BP falls at night when we are sleeping
but doesn't do this with sleep apnea; every time
oxygen level drops BP rises causing surge in
adrenaline putting stress on the heart
Q: what are the identifiable causes of secondary
hypertension?
Answer: progressively damage arteries causing
renal artery stenosis which causes increases in BP
Q: What is one mechanism of kidney disease?
Answer: high BP; may start to see protein in the
woman's urine after 13 weeks of pregnancy eliminate
problem by delivering the baby
Q: what is eclampsia?
Answer: majority of clients asymptomatic for weeks
months or years no symptoms does not mean they are not
getting damage
Q: what are the short Q effects of high blood
pressure?
Answer: MI: heart attack heart failure kidney
disease stroke peripheral artery disease retinopathy
Q: what are the long Q effects of high blood
pressure?
, Answer: want to avoid end organ damage to brain
heart kidneys because it leads to long Q effects
Q: what is the main goal when someone has
hypertension?
Answer: chest pain difficulty breathing fluid in
their lungs cerebrovascular accident hypertensive
encephalopathy (confusion headache convulsion)
elevated blood sugar hypertensive retinopathy MI
hypertensive cardiomyopathy hypertensive nephropathy
Q: what are symptoms of patients with high blood
pressure?
Answer: treat hypertension to reduce morbidity and
mortality without decreasing the quality of life with
the drugs employed morbidity: illness or disease
mortality: death
Q: what are the objectives of hypertensive
therapy?
Answer: arterial pressure = cardiac output x
peripheral resistance
Q: what are the primary deQinants of arterial
blood pressure?
Answer: heart rate contractility blood volume
venous return
Q: what is cardiac output deQined by?
Answer: arteriolar constriction
Q: what is peripheral resistance deQined by?
Answer: the volume of blood that the heart pumps
in one minute
Q: what is cardiac output?
Answer: 4-8 L per minute
