SYNOPSIS OF PSYCHIATRY UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Who created a broad theoretical system for the development of
cognitive abilities?
Answer: Jean Piaget
●● What is epistemology?
Answer: Study of development of abstract thought on the basis of a
biological or innate substrate
●● According to Piaget, what are the four major stages that lead to the
capacity for adult thought and and what age range does each occur?
Answer: Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational thought (2 to 7
years), concrete operations (7 to 11 years), and formal operations (11
through adolescence)
●● In what stage of Piaget development does the child understand that
melted ice in the form of water can turn back to water (reversibility)?
Answer: Concrete operations
,●● A child believe that bad thoughts cause accidents. What is this called
and in what stage of Piaget development does it occur?
Answer: Phenomenalistic causality; Preoperational thought
●● What are the critical developmental achievements of the
sensorimotor stage?
Answer: Object permanence and symbolization
●● A child recognizes that when a ball of clay is rolled into a sausage
shape there is still the same amount of clay. What ability is this child
demonstrating and during what stage of Piaget development does this
occur?
Answer: Conservation; Concrete operations
●● What is the tendency to endow physical events and objects with life-
like psychological attributes and in what Piaget stage of development
does this occur?
Answer: Animistic thinking; Preoperational
●● In the Piaget stage of concrete operations, what is egocentric thought
replaced by?
Answer: Operational thought which involves dealing with a wide array
of information outside of the child. Children can now see things from
someone's else perspective
,●● All horses are mammals, all mammals are warm blooded, therefore
all horses are warm blooded...this is what type of reasoning and during
what stage of Piaget development does it occur?
Answer: Syllogistic reasoning; Concrete operations
●● Who studied infant attachment and separation and pointed out that
mother-child attachment was an essential medium of human interaction
that had important consequences for later development?
Answer: John Bowlby
●● Who demonstrated the emotional and behavioral effects of isolating
monkeys form birth and keeping them from forming attachments?
Answer: Harry Harlow
●● Mary Ainsworth is know for describing what 3 main types of
insecure attachment?
Answer: Insecure-avoident, insecure-ambivalent, and insecure-
disorganized
●● 65% of infants are securely attached by what age?
Answer: 25 months
●● What are the three types of signal indicators in infants?
Answer: Hunger, anger, and pain
, ●● What are the three sequences of behavior patterns in children that are
operated from their mothers for long periods of time?
Answer: Protest, despair, and detachment
●● In Pavlovian conditioning, what are the following called...food, bell,
new response to the bell, and the natural response to the food itself?
Answer: Unconditional stimulus, conditional stimulus, conditional
response, and unconditional response
●● Who was Pavlovian conditioning developed by?
Answer: Ivan Pavlov
●● Who was operant conditioning developed by?
Answer: B.F. Skinner
●● What is Pavlovian conditioning?
Answer: Occurs when neutral stimuli are associated with a
psychologically significant event
●● What is operant conditioning?
Answer: Occurs when a behavior (instead of a stimulus) is associated
with a psychologically significant event
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Who created a broad theoretical system for the development of
cognitive abilities?
Answer: Jean Piaget
●● What is epistemology?
Answer: Study of development of abstract thought on the basis of a
biological or innate substrate
●● According to Piaget, what are the four major stages that lead to the
capacity for adult thought and and what age range does each occur?
Answer: Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational thought (2 to 7
years), concrete operations (7 to 11 years), and formal operations (11
through adolescence)
●● In what stage of Piaget development does the child understand that
melted ice in the form of water can turn back to water (reversibility)?
Answer: Concrete operations
,●● A child believe that bad thoughts cause accidents. What is this called
and in what stage of Piaget development does it occur?
Answer: Phenomenalistic causality; Preoperational thought
●● What are the critical developmental achievements of the
sensorimotor stage?
Answer: Object permanence and symbolization
●● A child recognizes that when a ball of clay is rolled into a sausage
shape there is still the same amount of clay. What ability is this child
demonstrating and during what stage of Piaget development does this
occur?
Answer: Conservation; Concrete operations
●● What is the tendency to endow physical events and objects with life-
like psychological attributes and in what Piaget stage of development
does this occur?
Answer: Animistic thinking; Preoperational
●● In the Piaget stage of concrete operations, what is egocentric thought
replaced by?
Answer: Operational thought which involves dealing with a wide array
of information outside of the child. Children can now see things from
someone's else perspective
,●● All horses are mammals, all mammals are warm blooded, therefore
all horses are warm blooded...this is what type of reasoning and during
what stage of Piaget development does it occur?
Answer: Syllogistic reasoning; Concrete operations
●● Who studied infant attachment and separation and pointed out that
mother-child attachment was an essential medium of human interaction
that had important consequences for later development?
Answer: John Bowlby
●● Who demonstrated the emotional and behavioral effects of isolating
monkeys form birth and keeping them from forming attachments?
Answer: Harry Harlow
●● Mary Ainsworth is know for describing what 3 main types of
insecure attachment?
Answer: Insecure-avoident, insecure-ambivalent, and insecure-
disorganized
●● 65% of infants are securely attached by what age?
Answer: 25 months
●● What are the three types of signal indicators in infants?
Answer: Hunger, anger, and pain
, ●● What are the three sequences of behavior patterns in children that are
operated from their mothers for long periods of time?
Answer: Protest, despair, and detachment
●● In Pavlovian conditioning, what are the following called...food, bell,
new response to the bell, and the natural response to the food itself?
Answer: Unconditional stimulus, conditional stimulus, conditional
response, and unconditional response
●● Who was Pavlovian conditioning developed by?
Answer: Ivan Pavlov
●● Who was operant conditioning developed by?
Answer: B.F. Skinner
●● What is Pavlovian conditioning?
Answer: Occurs when neutral stimuli are associated with a
psychologically significant event
●● What is operant conditioning?
Answer: Occurs when a behavior (instead of a stimulus) is associated
with a psychologically significant event
