SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Advanced Financial Accounting, 2025 Release
By Theodore Christensen, David Cottrell
SC
O
R
EG
U
ID
ES
, Table of Content
1. Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
2. Reporting Intercorporate Investments and Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
with No Differential
3. The Reporting Entity and the Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries with
No Differential
4. Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More Than Book Value
SC
5. Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More Than Book
Value
6. Intercompany Inventory Transactions
7. Intercompany Transfers of Services and Noncurrent Assets
O
8. Intercompany Indebtedness
9. Consolidation Ownership Issues
R
10. Additional Consolidation Reporting Issues
11. Multinational Accounting: Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Instruments
EG
12. Multinational Accounting: Issues in Financial Reporting and Translation of Foreign Entity
Statements
13. Segment and Interim Reporting
14. SEC Reporting
U
15. Partnerships: Formation, Operation, and Changes in Membership
16. Partnerships: Liquidation
ID
17. Governmental Entities: Introduction and General Fund Accounting
18. Governmental Entities: Special Funds and Governmentwide Financial Statements
19. Not-for-Profit Entities
ES
20. Corporations in Financial Difficulty
,Chapter 01 – Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
CHAPTER 1
INTERCORPORATE ACQUISITIONS AND
INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ENTITIES
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
SC
Q1-1 Complex organizational structures often result when companies do business in a complex
business environment. New subsidiaries or other entities may be formed for purposes
such as extending operations into foreign countries, seeking to protect existing assets
from risks associated with entry into new product lines, separating activities that fall under
regulatory controls, and reducing taxes by separating certain types of operations.
O
Q1-2 The split-off and spin-off result in the same reduction of reported assets and liabilities.
Only the stockholders’ equity accounts of the company are different. The number of shares
outstanding remains unchanged in the case of a spin-off and retained earnings or paid-in
R
capital is reduced. Shares of the parent are exchanged for shares of the subsidiary in a
split-off, thereby reducing the outstanding shares of the parent company.
EG
Q1-3 Enron’s management used special-purpose entities to avoid reporting debt on its balance
sheet and to create fictional transactions that resulted in reported income. It also
transferred bad loans and investments to special-purpose entities to avoid recognizing
losses in its income statement.
Q1-4 (a) A statutory merger occurs when one company acquires another company and the
assets and liabilities of the acquired company are transferred to the acquiring company;
the acquired company is liquidated, and only the acquiring company remains. The
U
acquiring company can give cash or other assets in addition to stock.
(b) A statutory consolidation occurs when a new company is formed to acquire the
ID
assets and liabilities of two combining companies. The combining companies dissolve,
and the new company is the only surviving entity.
(c) A stock acquisition occurs when one company acquires a majority of the common
stock of another company and the acquired company is not liquidated; both companies
ES
remain as separate but related corporations.
Q1-5 A noncontrolling interest exists when the acquiring company gains control but does not
own all the shares of the acquired company. The non-controlling interest is made up of
the shares not owned by the acquiring company.
Q1-6 Goodwill is the excess of the sum of (1) the fair value given by the acquiring company, (2)
the fair value of any shares already owned by the parent and (3) the acquisition-date fair
value of any noncontrolling interest over the acquisition-date fair value of the net
identifiable assets acquired in the business combination.
, Chapter 01 – Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
Q1-7 A differential is the total difference at the acquisition date between the sum of (1) the fair
value given by the acquiring company, (2) the fair value of any shares already owned by
the parent and (3) the acquisition-date fair value of any noncontrolling interest and the
book value of the net identifiable assets acquired is referred to as the differential.
Q1-8 The purchase of a company is viewed in the same way as any other purchase of assets.
The acquired company is owned by the acquiring company only for the portion of the year
subsequent to the combination. Therefore, earnings are accrued only from the date of
purchase forward.
SC
Q1-9 None of the retained earnings of the subsidiary should be carried forward under the
acquisition method. Thus, consolidated retained earnings immediately following an
acquisition is limited to the balance reported by the acquiring company.
Q1-10 Additional paid-in capital reported following a business combination is the amount
previously reported on the acquiring company's books plus the excess of the fair value
over the par or stated value of any shares issued by the acquiring company in completing
O
the acquisition less any sock issue costs.
Q1-11 When the acquisition method is used, all costs incurred in bringing about the combination
are expensed as incurred. None are capitalized. However, costs associated with the
R
issuance of stock are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Q1-12 When the acquiring company issues shares of stock to complete a business combination,
EG
the excess of the fair value of the stock issued over its par value is recorded as additional
paid-in capital. All costs incurred by the acquiring company in issuing the securities should
be treated as a reduction in the additional paid-in capital. Items such as audit fees
associated with the registration of the new securities, listing fees, and brokers'
commissions should be treated as reductions of additional paid-in capital when stock is
issued.
U
Q1-13 If the fair value of a reporting unit acquired in a business combination exceeds its carrying
amount, the goodwill of that reporting unit is considered unimpaired. On the other hand, if
the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, impairment of goodwill is
implied. An impairment must be recognized if the carrying amount of the goodwill assigned
ID
to the reporting unit is greater than the implied value of the carrying unit’s goodwill. The
implied value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value
of the reporting unit over the fair value of its net identifiable assets.
Q1-14 A bargain purchase occurs when the fair value of the consideration given in a business
ES
combination, along with the fair value of any equity interest in the acquiree already held
and the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, is less than the fair value
of the acquiree’s net identifiable assets.
Q1-15 The acquirer should record the clarification of the acquisition-date fair value of buildings
as a reduction to buildings and addition to goodwill.
Q1-16 The acquirer must revalue the equity position to its fair value at the acquisition date and
recognize a gain. A total of $250,000 ($25 x 10,000 shares) would be recognized in this
case assuming that the $65 per share price is the appropriate fair value for all shares (i.e.
there is no control premium for the new shares purchased).
Advanced Financial Accounting, 2025 Release
By Theodore Christensen, David Cottrell
SC
O
R
EG
U
ID
ES
, Table of Content
1. Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
2. Reporting Intercorporate Investments and Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
with No Differential
3. The Reporting Entity and the Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries with
No Differential
4. Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More Than Book Value
SC
5. Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More Than Book
Value
6. Intercompany Inventory Transactions
7. Intercompany Transfers of Services and Noncurrent Assets
O
8. Intercompany Indebtedness
9. Consolidation Ownership Issues
R
10. Additional Consolidation Reporting Issues
11. Multinational Accounting: Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Instruments
EG
12. Multinational Accounting: Issues in Financial Reporting and Translation of Foreign Entity
Statements
13. Segment and Interim Reporting
14. SEC Reporting
U
15. Partnerships: Formation, Operation, and Changes in Membership
16. Partnerships: Liquidation
ID
17. Governmental Entities: Introduction and General Fund Accounting
18. Governmental Entities: Special Funds and Governmentwide Financial Statements
19. Not-for-Profit Entities
ES
20. Corporations in Financial Difficulty
,Chapter 01 – Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
CHAPTER 1
INTERCORPORATE ACQUISITIONS AND
INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ENTITIES
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
SC
Q1-1 Complex organizational structures often result when companies do business in a complex
business environment. New subsidiaries or other entities may be formed for purposes
such as extending operations into foreign countries, seeking to protect existing assets
from risks associated with entry into new product lines, separating activities that fall under
regulatory controls, and reducing taxes by separating certain types of operations.
O
Q1-2 The split-off and spin-off result in the same reduction of reported assets and liabilities.
Only the stockholders’ equity accounts of the company are different. The number of shares
outstanding remains unchanged in the case of a spin-off and retained earnings or paid-in
R
capital is reduced. Shares of the parent are exchanged for shares of the subsidiary in a
split-off, thereby reducing the outstanding shares of the parent company.
EG
Q1-3 Enron’s management used special-purpose entities to avoid reporting debt on its balance
sheet and to create fictional transactions that resulted in reported income. It also
transferred bad loans and investments to special-purpose entities to avoid recognizing
losses in its income statement.
Q1-4 (a) A statutory merger occurs when one company acquires another company and the
assets and liabilities of the acquired company are transferred to the acquiring company;
the acquired company is liquidated, and only the acquiring company remains. The
U
acquiring company can give cash or other assets in addition to stock.
(b) A statutory consolidation occurs when a new company is formed to acquire the
ID
assets and liabilities of two combining companies. The combining companies dissolve,
and the new company is the only surviving entity.
(c) A stock acquisition occurs when one company acquires a majority of the common
stock of another company and the acquired company is not liquidated; both companies
ES
remain as separate but related corporations.
Q1-5 A noncontrolling interest exists when the acquiring company gains control but does not
own all the shares of the acquired company. The non-controlling interest is made up of
the shares not owned by the acquiring company.
Q1-6 Goodwill is the excess of the sum of (1) the fair value given by the acquiring company, (2)
the fair value of any shares already owned by the parent and (3) the acquisition-date fair
value of any noncontrolling interest over the acquisition-date fair value of the net
identifiable assets acquired in the business combination.
, Chapter 01 – Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
Q1-7 A differential is the total difference at the acquisition date between the sum of (1) the fair
value given by the acquiring company, (2) the fair value of any shares already owned by
the parent and (3) the acquisition-date fair value of any noncontrolling interest and the
book value of the net identifiable assets acquired is referred to as the differential.
Q1-8 The purchase of a company is viewed in the same way as any other purchase of assets.
The acquired company is owned by the acquiring company only for the portion of the year
subsequent to the combination. Therefore, earnings are accrued only from the date of
purchase forward.
SC
Q1-9 None of the retained earnings of the subsidiary should be carried forward under the
acquisition method. Thus, consolidated retained earnings immediately following an
acquisition is limited to the balance reported by the acquiring company.
Q1-10 Additional paid-in capital reported following a business combination is the amount
previously reported on the acquiring company's books plus the excess of the fair value
over the par or stated value of any shares issued by the acquiring company in completing
O
the acquisition less any sock issue costs.
Q1-11 When the acquisition method is used, all costs incurred in bringing about the combination
are expensed as incurred. None are capitalized. However, costs associated with the
R
issuance of stock are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Q1-12 When the acquiring company issues shares of stock to complete a business combination,
EG
the excess of the fair value of the stock issued over its par value is recorded as additional
paid-in capital. All costs incurred by the acquiring company in issuing the securities should
be treated as a reduction in the additional paid-in capital. Items such as audit fees
associated with the registration of the new securities, listing fees, and brokers'
commissions should be treated as reductions of additional paid-in capital when stock is
issued.
U
Q1-13 If the fair value of a reporting unit acquired in a business combination exceeds its carrying
amount, the goodwill of that reporting unit is considered unimpaired. On the other hand, if
the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, impairment of goodwill is
implied. An impairment must be recognized if the carrying amount of the goodwill assigned
ID
to the reporting unit is greater than the implied value of the carrying unit’s goodwill. The
implied value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value
of the reporting unit over the fair value of its net identifiable assets.
Q1-14 A bargain purchase occurs when the fair value of the consideration given in a business
ES
combination, along with the fair value of any equity interest in the acquiree already held
and the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, is less than the fair value
of the acquiree’s net identifiable assets.
Q1-15 The acquirer should record the clarification of the acquisition-date fair value of buildings
as a reduction to buildings and addition to goodwill.
Q1-16 The acquirer must revalue the equity position to its fair value at the acquisition date and
recognize a gain. A total of $250,000 ($25 x 10,000 shares) would be recognized in this
case assuming that the $65 per share price is the appropriate fair value for all shares (i.e.
there is no control premium for the new shares purchased).
