NSG 3130 EXAM 4 UPDATED TEST BANK
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● serum lipid levels
Answer: fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow. LDL
should be less than 130. HDL greater than 45 males, 55 females. total
cholesterol lower than 200. Triglycerides less than 160 males, females
135 or less.
●● Serum Electrolytes
Answer: can affect the conduction of the heart
●● Hemoglobin
Answer: An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly
binds oxygen.
●● Creatinine kinase and troponin
Answer: is elevated with cardiac cell death. usually indicates an MI
●● Preload
Answer: amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of
diastole. Increases due to increase of volume.
,●● Afterload
Answer: the resistance that has to be exceeded for the ventricle to eject
the blood during systole. Increases due to HTN or vasoconstriction.
●● cardiac output
Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
●● Lifespan considerations
Answer: -HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more
common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
●● African American and hispanic populations
Answer: are more likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
●● Geriatric concerns
Answer: -blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
, ●● Non-modifiable risk factors
Answer: age, race, family, gender ethnicity
●● Modifiable risk factors
Answer: lifestyle, diseases, and stress
●● metabolic syndrome
Answer: A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of
a group of factors:
-central obesity
-increased triglycerides
-elevated cholesterol levels
-hypertension
-hyperglycemia
●● C-reactive protein
Answer: A nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that becomes
elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.
●● elevated homocysteine levels
Answer: ndicates presence of atherosclerosis and is a predictor of who is
at risk
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● serum lipid levels
Answer: fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow. LDL
should be less than 130. HDL greater than 45 males, 55 females. total
cholesterol lower than 200. Triglycerides less than 160 males, females
135 or less.
●● Serum Electrolytes
Answer: can affect the conduction of the heart
●● Hemoglobin
Answer: An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly
binds oxygen.
●● Creatinine kinase and troponin
Answer: is elevated with cardiac cell death. usually indicates an MI
●● Preload
Answer: amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of
diastole. Increases due to increase of volume.
,●● Afterload
Answer: the resistance that has to be exceeded for the ventricle to eject
the blood during systole. Increases due to HTN or vasoconstriction.
●● cardiac output
Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
●● Lifespan considerations
Answer: -HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more
common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
●● African American and hispanic populations
Answer: are more likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
●● Geriatric concerns
Answer: -blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
, ●● Non-modifiable risk factors
Answer: age, race, family, gender ethnicity
●● Modifiable risk factors
Answer: lifestyle, diseases, and stress
●● metabolic syndrome
Answer: A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of
a group of factors:
-central obesity
-increased triglycerides
-elevated cholesterol levels
-hypertension
-hyperglycemia
●● C-reactive protein
Answer: A nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that becomes
elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.
●● elevated homocysteine levels
Answer: ndicates presence of atherosclerosis and is a predictor of who is
at risk
