RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
WITH WELL VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+
Manifestations of?: asymptomatic, visualization of the cervix or uterus from the
vaginal opening, feeling of fullness in the pelvis or vagina, difficult or painful
sexual intercourse, vaginal bleeding, and difficulty with urination and
defecation. - ANSWER-Uterine Prolapse
Infection of the female reproductive system. Bacteria usually ascend from the
vagina. Can be either acute or chronic - ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Causes of?: sexually transmitted infection; bacteria introduced during
childbirth, endometrial procedures, and abortions; and bacterial invasion from
the bloodstream - ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Complications of?: reproductive structure obstructions, peritonitis, abscesses,
septicemia, adhesions, strictures, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies,
infertility, and problems with surrounding structures - ANSWER-Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease
Manifestations?: indications of infection; pain or tenderness in the pelvis, lower
abdomen, or lower back; abnormal vaginal and cervical discharge; bleeding
after sexual intercourse; painful sexual intercourse; urinary frequency; dysuria;
dysmenorrhea; amenorrhea; metrorrhagia; anorexia; and nausea and vomiting -
ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
,Ninth most frequent cancer in women and fifth leading cause of cancer death.
Prevalence and mortality rates are the highest in Caucasian women. -
ANSWER-Ovarian Cancer
Risk factors of?: genetic predisposition (defects on the BRCA1 and BRCA2
genes), advancing age, infertility, excessive estrogen exposure, obesity, and
androgen hormone therapy. - ANSWER-Ovarian Cancer
Manifestations of?: abdominal distention, pelvic pain, eating disturbances,
bowel pattern changes, gastrointestinal discomfort, pain during sexual
intercourse, malaise, urinary frequency, and menstruation changes - ANSWER-
Ovarian Cancer
A condition in which the thyroid does not produce sufficient amounts of the
thyroid hormones. Relatively common (1 out of 500 Americans has the
condition). May be a result of hypothalamus, pituitary, or thyroid dysfunction.
Risk factor: advancing age. Causes: autoimmune thyroiditis (also called
Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and iatrogenic - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism
Manifestations: fatigue, sluggishness, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation,
pale and dry skin, facial edema, hoarseness, hypercholesterolemia, unexplained
weight gain, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness, heavier than normal
menstrual periods, brittle fingernails, hair loss or thinning, bradycardia,
hypotension, constipation, depression, and goiter - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism
Rare and life-threatening advanced hypothyroidism. Manifestations include
marked hypotension, respiratory depression, hypothermia, lethargy, and coma -
ANSWER-Myxedema
Causes: excessive iodine, Graves' disease, nonmalignant thyroid tumors, thyroid
inflammation, and taking large amounts of thyroid hormone replacement -
ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
,Manifestations: sudden weight loss, tachycardia, hypertension, increased
appetite, nervousness, anxiety or anxiety attacks, irritability, tremor (usually a
fine trembling in the hands), diaphoresis, changes in menstrual patterns,
increased sensitivity to heat, diarrhea, goiter, difficulty sleeping, and
exophthalmos - ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
Also called thyrotoxicosis. A sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms
that may occur with infection or stress. Fever, decreased mental alertness, and
abdominal pain may occur. Medical emergency - ANSWER-Thyroid Crisis
(Storm)
Condition in which the parathyroid gland does not produce sufficient amounts
of PTH. Causes: congenital defects (a lack of one or more of the four
parathyroid glands) and damage (e.g., surgery, radiation, or autoimmune
conditions). Complications: hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-Hypoparathyroidism
Manifestations of?: Paresthesias of the fingertips, toes, and lips. Muscle
twitching or spasms (tetany). Fatigue or weakness. Dysrhythmias. Hypotension.
Abdominal cramping. Diarrhea. Painful menstruation. Patchy hair loss. Dry,
coarse skin. Brittle nails. Anxiety or nervousness. Headaches. Depression or
mood swings. Memory loss - ANSWER-Hypoparathyroidism
Condition of excessive PTH production by the parathyroid glands. Causes:
tumors, hyperplasia, and chronic hypocalcemia (renal failure). Complications:
hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypermagnesemia, and metabolic acidosis -
ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
Manifestations: osteoporosis, renal calculi, polyuria, abdominal pain,
constipation, fatigue, weakness, flaccid muscles, dysrhythmias, hypertension,
depression, forgetfulness, bone and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia -
ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
, Condition of excessive amounts of glucocorticoids. Causes: iatrogenic from
ingestion of glucocorticoid medications, adrenal tumors that secrete
glucocorticoids, pituitary tumors that secrete ACTH and cortisol, and
paraneoplastic syndrome. Manifestations: obesity (especially around the trunk),
"moon" face, "buffalo hump," muscle weakness, delayed growth and
development, acne, purple striae, thin skin that bruises easily, delayed wound
healing, osteoporosis, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hypertension, edema,
hypokalemia, mood changes, and psychosis - ANSWER-Cushing's Syndrome
Deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids,
and androgens). Causes: autoimmune conditions, infections, hemorrhage,
tumors, and pituitary dysfunction that results in insufficient ACTH levels.
Manifestations: hypotension, changes in heart rate, hypoglycemia, chronic
diarrhea, hyperpigmentation, pallor, extreme weakness, fatigue, anorexia,
mouth lesions on the inside of a cheek, nausea, vomiting, salt craving, slow and
sluggish movement, unintentional weight loss, mood changes, depression, and
hyperkalemia - ANSWER-Addison's Disease
Previously called insulin-dependent and juvenile-onset. Develops when the
body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. Must have insulin.
Usually strikes children and young adults, although disease onset can occur at
any age. Exact cause unknown, but most likely a viral or environmental trigger
in genetically susceptible people that causes an autoimmune reaction. Cannot be
prevented - ANSWER-Type I Diabetes
Previously called non-insulin-dependent and adult-onset. In adults, accounts for
about 90-95% of all newly diagnosed cases. Usually begins as insulin
resistance. The pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin. -
ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes
Risk factors: advancing age, obesity, family history of DM, history of
gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, African
Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other
Pacific Islanders. Usually managed initially with oral antidiabetic medications
that increase insulin production and action. As the condition progresses,
WITH WELL VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+
Manifestations of?: asymptomatic, visualization of the cervix or uterus from the
vaginal opening, feeling of fullness in the pelvis or vagina, difficult or painful
sexual intercourse, vaginal bleeding, and difficulty with urination and
defecation. - ANSWER-Uterine Prolapse
Infection of the female reproductive system. Bacteria usually ascend from the
vagina. Can be either acute or chronic - ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Causes of?: sexually transmitted infection; bacteria introduced during
childbirth, endometrial procedures, and abortions; and bacterial invasion from
the bloodstream - ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Complications of?: reproductive structure obstructions, peritonitis, abscesses,
septicemia, adhesions, strictures, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies,
infertility, and problems with surrounding structures - ANSWER-Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease
Manifestations?: indications of infection; pain or tenderness in the pelvis, lower
abdomen, or lower back; abnormal vaginal and cervical discharge; bleeding
after sexual intercourse; painful sexual intercourse; urinary frequency; dysuria;
dysmenorrhea; amenorrhea; metrorrhagia; anorexia; and nausea and vomiting -
ANSWER-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
,Ninth most frequent cancer in women and fifth leading cause of cancer death.
Prevalence and mortality rates are the highest in Caucasian women. -
ANSWER-Ovarian Cancer
Risk factors of?: genetic predisposition (defects on the BRCA1 and BRCA2
genes), advancing age, infertility, excessive estrogen exposure, obesity, and
androgen hormone therapy. - ANSWER-Ovarian Cancer
Manifestations of?: abdominal distention, pelvic pain, eating disturbances,
bowel pattern changes, gastrointestinal discomfort, pain during sexual
intercourse, malaise, urinary frequency, and menstruation changes - ANSWER-
Ovarian Cancer
A condition in which the thyroid does not produce sufficient amounts of the
thyroid hormones. Relatively common (1 out of 500 Americans has the
condition). May be a result of hypothalamus, pituitary, or thyroid dysfunction.
Risk factor: advancing age. Causes: autoimmune thyroiditis (also called
Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and iatrogenic - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism
Manifestations: fatigue, sluggishness, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation,
pale and dry skin, facial edema, hoarseness, hypercholesterolemia, unexplained
weight gain, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness, heavier than normal
menstrual periods, brittle fingernails, hair loss or thinning, bradycardia,
hypotension, constipation, depression, and goiter - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism
Rare and life-threatening advanced hypothyroidism. Manifestations include
marked hypotension, respiratory depression, hypothermia, lethargy, and coma -
ANSWER-Myxedema
Causes: excessive iodine, Graves' disease, nonmalignant thyroid tumors, thyroid
inflammation, and taking large amounts of thyroid hormone replacement -
ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
,Manifestations: sudden weight loss, tachycardia, hypertension, increased
appetite, nervousness, anxiety or anxiety attacks, irritability, tremor (usually a
fine trembling in the hands), diaphoresis, changes in menstrual patterns,
increased sensitivity to heat, diarrhea, goiter, difficulty sleeping, and
exophthalmos - ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
Also called thyrotoxicosis. A sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms
that may occur with infection or stress. Fever, decreased mental alertness, and
abdominal pain may occur. Medical emergency - ANSWER-Thyroid Crisis
(Storm)
Condition in which the parathyroid gland does not produce sufficient amounts
of PTH. Causes: congenital defects (a lack of one or more of the four
parathyroid glands) and damage (e.g., surgery, radiation, or autoimmune
conditions). Complications: hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-Hypoparathyroidism
Manifestations of?: Paresthesias of the fingertips, toes, and lips. Muscle
twitching or spasms (tetany). Fatigue or weakness. Dysrhythmias. Hypotension.
Abdominal cramping. Diarrhea. Painful menstruation. Patchy hair loss. Dry,
coarse skin. Brittle nails. Anxiety or nervousness. Headaches. Depression or
mood swings. Memory loss - ANSWER-Hypoparathyroidism
Condition of excessive PTH production by the parathyroid glands. Causes:
tumors, hyperplasia, and chronic hypocalcemia (renal failure). Complications:
hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypermagnesemia, and metabolic acidosis -
ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
Manifestations: osteoporosis, renal calculi, polyuria, abdominal pain,
constipation, fatigue, weakness, flaccid muscles, dysrhythmias, hypertension,
depression, forgetfulness, bone and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia -
ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
, Condition of excessive amounts of glucocorticoids. Causes: iatrogenic from
ingestion of glucocorticoid medications, adrenal tumors that secrete
glucocorticoids, pituitary tumors that secrete ACTH and cortisol, and
paraneoplastic syndrome. Manifestations: obesity (especially around the trunk),
"moon" face, "buffalo hump," muscle weakness, delayed growth and
development, acne, purple striae, thin skin that bruises easily, delayed wound
healing, osteoporosis, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hypertension, edema,
hypokalemia, mood changes, and psychosis - ANSWER-Cushing's Syndrome
Deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids,
and androgens). Causes: autoimmune conditions, infections, hemorrhage,
tumors, and pituitary dysfunction that results in insufficient ACTH levels.
Manifestations: hypotension, changes in heart rate, hypoglycemia, chronic
diarrhea, hyperpigmentation, pallor, extreme weakness, fatigue, anorexia,
mouth lesions on the inside of a cheek, nausea, vomiting, salt craving, slow and
sluggish movement, unintentional weight loss, mood changes, depression, and
hyperkalemia - ANSWER-Addison's Disease
Previously called insulin-dependent and juvenile-onset. Develops when the
body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. Must have insulin.
Usually strikes children and young adults, although disease onset can occur at
any age. Exact cause unknown, but most likely a viral or environmental trigger
in genetically susceptible people that causes an autoimmune reaction. Cannot be
prevented - ANSWER-Type I Diabetes
Previously called non-insulin-dependent and adult-onset. In adults, accounts for
about 90-95% of all newly diagnosed cases. Usually begins as insulin
resistance. The pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin. -
ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes
Risk factors: advancing age, obesity, family history of DM, history of
gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, African
Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other
Pacific Islanders. Usually managed initially with oral antidiabetic medications
that increase insulin production and action. As the condition progresses,
