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NSG 252 Exam 1 Study Guide | Nursing Fundamentals | 2026/2027

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Study guide for NSG 252 Exam 1 covering foundational nursing concepts and theory. Topics include sources of power in nursing, the nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation), critical thinking applications, NANDA components, historical figures in nursing (Clara Barton, Annie Goodrich, Benjamin Franklin), Benner's stages of nursing competence, and the Affordable Care Act. Essential for exam preparation with clearly organized Q&A format covering all major concepts tested in this foundational nursing course.

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NSG 252 Exam 1



6 primary sources of power - ANSWER- referent

- expert
- reward

- coercive

- legitimate
- collectiveAactivities of assessment - ANSWER- obtain nursing health history
- conduct physical assessment

- review records
- review nursing literature

- consultationAAffordable Care Act - ANSWER- 2010
- primary goal: to provide affordable health care to US citizens, who before its
passage, were unable to pay for or obtain health insurance
- secondary goals (Medicare, Medicaid): eliminating the insurance industry's
stranglehold on the health-care system. addressing inequities in current coverage,
and helping struggling senior citizens
- mandated that everyone needs health insurance in order to even out costs and
make insurance affordableAAnnie Goodrich - ANSWERestablished United States
Student Nurse Reserve (Army School of Nursing)Aassessment - ANSWER- the
systematic collection of data relating to clients

- organizing data

- validating data

, - documenting dataABenjamin Franklin - ANSWER- implemented several
important health care advances
- founded Pennsylvania Hospital with separate areas for the sick, the insane, and
those inflicted with moral defects (where specialties came from)ABenner's theory
- ANSWER5 stages: novice, beginner, competent, proficient, expertAcertification -
ANSWERgranting of credentials to indicate that an individual has achieved a level
of ability higher than the minimal level of competency indicated by licensure (may
or may not have legal status)AClara Barton - ANSWERdeveloped the American Red
CrossAcoercive power - ANSWERpower is obtained through the ability to
reprimand/punish othersAcollective power - ANSWERpower is obtained through
the group - not the individualAcomponents of NANDA - ANSWER- diagnosis: the
problem and definition; describe the client's health problem
- etiology: identifies one or more probable causes of health problem
- defining characteristics: cluster of signs and symptoms that indicate presence of
a particular diagnostic levelAcritical thinking - ANSWERthe ability to think in a
systematic and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the
reasoning processAcritical thinking activities in assessment - ANSWER- reliable
observations

- distinguishing relevant data from irrelevant data

- validating data (double-checking it)
- organizing data (Gordon's Functional Health Patterns, Body Systems Model,
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)

- categorizing data w/in a framework
- recognizing assumptionsAcritical thinking in diagnosis - ANSWER- finding
patterns and relationships among cues

- identify gaps in data

- making inferences

- suspending judgment

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