NURS 364 Final Exam Practice Test (2026) Pdf | A+
Rated | Instant Pdf Download
1. Explain how the breakdown of red blood cells contributes to the development of
. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. ..
jaundice in hemolytic anemia.
.. .. .. ..
. . It leads to a decrease in oxygen transport in the blood.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It causes an accumulation of bilirubin due to the conversion of heme pigment.
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . It results in an increase in white blood cell count.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . It stimulates the production of more red blood cells.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2. What is the definition of penetrance in genetics?
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The degree to which a gene is expressed in an organism
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The likelihood that a gene will express its phenotype
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The total number of genes present in an organism
.. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
.. The process by which genes are transferred from one generation to another
.. . . . .. .. .. . . .. ..
3. Which of the following factors can trigger a sickle cell crisis?
.. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .
. . Increased hydration ..
. . High altitude changes .. ..
. . Excessive sleep ..
. . Low temperatures ..
4. What is the definition of hypertrophy in the context of cellular adaptation?
.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .
. . Adecrease in cell size due to reduced demand
. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
, . . An increase in cell size due to increased demand
.. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in the number of cells in a tissue
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
. . A change in cell function without a change in size
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5. Explain the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response and how histamine
. . . . .. . . . .. .. . ..
contributes to this process.
. . . .
.. Mast cells release histamine, which inhibits blood flow to the affected area.
. .. . . . . . .. . .. ..
. . Mast cells release histamine, which promotes vasoconstriction and reduces blood vessel
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
.permeability.
. . Mast cells release histamine, leading to vasodilation and increased
. .. .. .. .. . .. ..
.. permeability, facilitating the movement of immune cells to the site of injury. . . . . . . . . . .. ..
. . Mast cells release histamine, which directly kills pathogens in the bloodstream.
.. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. ..
6. Explain why the neurological system is sensitive to sodium imbalances. What physiological
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..
effects can occur as a result?
. . . . . .
. . It regulates blood pressure and can cause hypertension.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It affects nerve impulse transmission and can lead to seizures.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It controls digestion and can lead to gastrointestinal issues.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It manages respiratory rate and can cause breathing difficulties.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7. What is the definition of hyperplasia?
.. .. .. .. ..
. . A decrease in cell number due to apoptosis
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in cell numberdue to increased demand or hormonal stimulation
.. .. . . . . . . . . ..
, . . A change in cell type due to differentiation
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in cell size without an increase in number
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8. What physiological condition is characterized by swelling due to an accumulation
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
of interstitial fluid?
. . .
. . Hypertension
. . Edema
. . Ischemia
. . Anemia
9. How would you explain the concept of expressivity in genetics to someone unfamiliar with
. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .
the term?
. .
. . It is the measure of how often a trait appears in a population.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
It describes how different individuals with the same genetic makeup can show
. . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
varying traits.
.. ..
. . It indicates the likelihood of a trait being passed to offspring.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It refers to the dominance of certain alleles over others.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
10. Explain how Graves' Disease leads to an increase in thyroid hormone levels in the body.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It causes the thyroid to produce less hormone due to immune suppression.
.. .. . . . .. . .. . .. ..
.. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of hormones.
. . . . . . . . . ..
.. It blocks the receptors for thyroid hormones, leading to increased production.
. . . . . . . . . ..
, . . It reduces the feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus, increasing hormone release.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
11. Explain how atrophy can occur in muscle tissue and provide an example of a situation that may
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
lead to this condition.
. . . .
. . Increased physical activity leading to muscle growth
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Decreased blood supply causing cell death .. .. .. .. ..
. . Reduced use of muscles due to immobilization
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Hormonal changes stimulating cell enlargement
.. .. .. ..
12. Apatient is diagnosed with cervicaldysplasia following an HPV infection. What should be
. . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
the primary concern forthe healthcare provider regarding this condition?
.. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. ..
. . The patient should be monitored for signs of inflammation.
.. .. .. .. .. . .. ..
.. The patient may develop cervical cancer if the dysplasia progresses.
.. . . . . . . . ..
. . The patient will likely recover without any treatment.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The patient should be advised to avoid all physical activity.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13. Explain the significance of dysplasia in relation to cancer development.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Dysplasia is a normal process of cell growth that prevents cancer.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Dysplasia indicates a reversible change in cells that does not affect cancer risk.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Dysplasia is a precursorto cancer, indicating potential for malignant
. . . . . . . . ..
transformation.
..
. . Dysplasia is unrelated to cancer and is simply a benign condition.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Rated | Instant Pdf Download
1. Explain how the breakdown of red blood cells contributes to the development of
. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. ..
jaundice in hemolytic anemia.
.. .. .. ..
. . It leads to a decrease in oxygen transport in the blood.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It causes an accumulation of bilirubin due to the conversion of heme pigment.
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . It results in an increase in white blood cell count.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . It stimulates the production of more red blood cells.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2. What is the definition of penetrance in genetics?
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The degree to which a gene is expressed in an organism
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The likelihood that a gene will express its phenotype
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The total number of genes present in an organism
.. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
.. The process by which genes are transferred from one generation to another
.. . . . .. .. .. . . .. ..
3. Which of the following factors can trigger a sickle cell crisis?
.. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .
. . Increased hydration ..
. . High altitude changes .. ..
. . Excessive sleep ..
. . Low temperatures ..
4. What is the definition of hypertrophy in the context of cellular adaptation?
.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .
. . Adecrease in cell size due to reduced demand
. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
, . . An increase in cell size due to increased demand
.. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in the number of cells in a tissue
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
. . A change in cell function without a change in size
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5. Explain the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response and how histamine
. . . . .. . . . .. .. . ..
contributes to this process.
. . . .
.. Mast cells release histamine, which inhibits blood flow to the affected area.
. .. . . . . . .. . .. ..
. . Mast cells release histamine, which promotes vasoconstriction and reduces blood vessel
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
.permeability.
. . Mast cells release histamine, leading to vasodilation and increased
. .. .. .. .. . .. ..
.. permeability, facilitating the movement of immune cells to the site of injury. . . . . . . . . . .. ..
. . Mast cells release histamine, which directly kills pathogens in the bloodstream.
.. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. ..
6. Explain why the neurological system is sensitive to sodium imbalances. What physiological
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..
effects can occur as a result?
. . . . . .
. . It regulates blood pressure and can cause hypertension.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It affects nerve impulse transmission and can lead to seizures.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It controls digestion and can lead to gastrointestinal issues.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It manages respiratory rate and can cause breathing difficulties.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7. What is the definition of hyperplasia?
.. .. .. .. ..
. . A decrease in cell number due to apoptosis
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in cell numberdue to increased demand or hormonal stimulation
.. .. . . . . . . . . ..
, . . A change in cell type due to differentiation
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . An increase in cell size without an increase in number
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8. What physiological condition is characterized by swelling due to an accumulation
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
of interstitial fluid?
. . .
. . Hypertension
. . Edema
. . Ischemia
. . Anemia
9. How would you explain the concept of expressivity in genetics to someone unfamiliar with
. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .
the term?
. .
. . It is the measure of how often a trait appears in a population.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
It describes how different individuals with the same genetic makeup can show
. . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
varying traits.
.. ..
. . It indicates the likelihood of a trait being passed to offspring.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It refers to the dominance of certain alleles over others.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
10. Explain how Graves' Disease leads to an increase in thyroid hormone levels in the body.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It causes the thyroid to produce less hormone due to immune suppression.
.. .. . . . .. . .. . .. ..
.. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of hormones.
. . . . . . . . . ..
.. It blocks the receptors for thyroid hormones, leading to increased production.
. . . . . . . . . ..
, . . It reduces the feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus, increasing hormone release.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
11. Explain how atrophy can occur in muscle tissue and provide an example of a situation that may
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
lead to this condition.
. . . .
. . Increased physical activity leading to muscle growth
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Decreased blood supply causing cell death .. .. .. .. ..
. . Reduced use of muscles due to immobilization
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Hormonal changes stimulating cell enlargement
.. .. .. ..
12. Apatient is diagnosed with cervicaldysplasia following an HPV infection. What should be
. . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
the primary concern forthe healthcare provider regarding this condition?
.. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. ..
. . The patient should be monitored for signs of inflammation.
.. .. .. .. .. . .. ..
.. The patient may develop cervical cancer if the dysplasia progresses.
.. . . . . . . . ..
. . The patient will likely recover without any treatment.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . The patient should be advised to avoid all physical activity.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13. Explain the significance of dysplasia in relation to cancer development.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Dysplasia is a normal process of cell growth that prevents cancer.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Dysplasia indicates a reversible change in cells that does not affect cancer risk.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Dysplasia is a precursorto cancer, indicating potential for malignant
. . . . . . . . ..
transformation.
..
. . Dysplasia is unrelated to cancer and is simply a benign condition.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
