,BIOL 251 Module 3 Exam | Human Anatomy &
Physiology I w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Synthesis of digestive enzymes
B) Mineral storage and release
C) Production of insulin
D) Filtration of blood
Correct Answer: B) Mineral storage and release
Rationale: The skeleton stores calcium and phosphate, releasing them into the
blood as needed to maintain homeostasis. Other functions include support,
protection, movement, and hematopoiesis. Enzyme synthesis and filtration are
not skeletal functions.
2. The process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow is called:
A) Hemostasis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Hemolysis
D) Hemoglobin synthesis
Correct Answer: B) Hematopoiesis
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the production of red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets, primarily occurring in red bone marrow. Hemostasis is blood
clotting; hemolysis is RBC destruction.
,3. A bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two expanded ends, is
classified as a:
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Irregular bone
Correct Answer: C) Long bone
Rationale: Long bones, like the femur and humerus, have a diaphysis (shaft) and
epiphyses (ends). Short bones are cube-shaped; flat bones are thin; irregular
bones have complex shapes.
4. The patella is an example of a:
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Sesamoid bone
Correct Answer: D) Sesamoid bone
Rationale: Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that develop within tendons,
such as the patella (kneecap). They reduce friction and modify pressure across
joints.
, 5. Which bone cells are responsible for depositing new bone matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: A) Osteoblasts
Rationale: Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that synthesize collagen and
initiate mineralization. Osteoclasts resorb bone; osteocytes are mature bone
cells that maintain the matrix.
6. Mature bone cells that reside in lacunae and maintain the bone matrix are
called:
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteoprogenitor cells
D) Osteocytes
Correct Answer: D) Osteocytes
Rationale: Osteocytes are former osteoblasts that become trapped in the matrix
they secrete. They communicate via canaliculi and help regulate bone
remodeling and mineral balance.
7. Which cells are responsible for bone resorption?
Physiology I w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Synthesis of digestive enzymes
B) Mineral storage and release
C) Production of insulin
D) Filtration of blood
Correct Answer: B) Mineral storage and release
Rationale: The skeleton stores calcium and phosphate, releasing them into the
blood as needed to maintain homeostasis. Other functions include support,
protection, movement, and hematopoiesis. Enzyme synthesis and filtration are
not skeletal functions.
2. The process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow is called:
A) Hemostasis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Hemolysis
D) Hemoglobin synthesis
Correct Answer: B) Hematopoiesis
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the production of red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets, primarily occurring in red bone marrow. Hemostasis is blood
clotting; hemolysis is RBC destruction.
,3. A bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two expanded ends, is
classified as a:
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Irregular bone
Correct Answer: C) Long bone
Rationale: Long bones, like the femur and humerus, have a diaphysis (shaft) and
epiphyses (ends). Short bones are cube-shaped; flat bones are thin; irregular
bones have complex shapes.
4. The patella is an example of a:
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Sesamoid bone
Correct Answer: D) Sesamoid bone
Rationale: Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that develop within tendons,
such as the patella (kneecap). They reduce friction and modify pressure across
joints.
, 5. Which bone cells are responsible for depositing new bone matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: A) Osteoblasts
Rationale: Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that synthesize collagen and
initiate mineralization. Osteoclasts resorb bone; osteocytes are mature bone
cells that maintain the matrix.
6. Mature bone cells that reside in lacunae and maintain the bone matrix are
called:
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteoprogenitor cells
D) Osteocytes
Correct Answer: D) Osteocytes
Rationale: Osteocytes are former osteoblasts that become trapped in the matrix
they secrete. They communicate via canaliculi and help regulate bone
remodeling and mineral balance.
7. Which cells are responsible for bone resorption?
