,BIOL 251 Module 2 Exam | Human Anatomy &
Physiology I w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is classified as:
A) A prokaryotic cell
B) A eukaryotic cell
C) A bacterial cell
D) An archaeal cell
Correct Answer: B) A eukaryotic cell
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope and
organelles such as mitochondria, ER, and Golgi. Prokaryotic cells (bacteria,
archaea) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
2. The organelle responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration is
the:
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: D) Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria house the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain,
generating ATP. The nucleus stores DNA; ribosomes synthesize proteins; the
Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
,3. The plasma membrane is best described by the:
A) Fluid mosaic model (phospholipid bilayer with proteins)
B) Lock-and-key model
C) Induced-fit model
D) Unit membrane theory without proteins
Correct Answer: A) Fluid mosaic model (phospholipid bilayer with proteins)
Rationale: The fluid mosaic model depicts a flexible bilayer of phospholipids
with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, allowing selective
permeability and membrane fluidity.
4. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
A) Connective tissue
B) Epithelial tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: B) Epithelial tissue
Rationale: Epithelial tissue provides protection, absorption, secretion, and
filtration. Connective tissue supports; muscle contracts; nervous tissue
transmits impulses.
5. Simple squamous epithelium is primarily adapted for:
, A) Rapid diffusion and filtration
B) Protection against abrasion
C) Secretion and absorption
D) Stretching
Correct Answer: A) Rapid diffusion and filtration
Rationale: A single layer of flat cells minimizes the distance for diffusion. It lines
the alveoli of the lungs and the walls of capillaries for efficient gas and nutrient
exchange.
6. Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest and contains actively dividing
cells?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum lucidum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum basale
Correct Answer: D) Stratum basale
Rationale: The stratum basale (germinativum) rests on the basement membrane
and contains stem cells that undergo mitosis, pushing older cells upward.
Melanocytes are also found here.
7. The dermis is composed mainly of:
A) Stratified squamous epithelium
Physiology I w/Lab Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is classified as:
A) A prokaryotic cell
B) A eukaryotic cell
C) A bacterial cell
D) An archaeal cell
Correct Answer: B) A eukaryotic cell
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope and
organelles such as mitochondria, ER, and Golgi. Prokaryotic cells (bacteria,
archaea) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
2. The organelle responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration is
the:
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: D) Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria house the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain,
generating ATP. The nucleus stores DNA; ribosomes synthesize proteins; the
Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
,3. The plasma membrane is best described by the:
A) Fluid mosaic model (phospholipid bilayer with proteins)
B) Lock-and-key model
C) Induced-fit model
D) Unit membrane theory without proteins
Correct Answer: A) Fluid mosaic model (phospholipid bilayer with proteins)
Rationale: The fluid mosaic model depicts a flexible bilayer of phospholipids
with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, allowing selective
permeability and membrane fluidity.
4. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
A) Connective tissue
B) Epithelial tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: B) Epithelial tissue
Rationale: Epithelial tissue provides protection, absorption, secretion, and
filtration. Connective tissue supports; muscle contracts; nervous tissue
transmits impulses.
5. Simple squamous epithelium is primarily adapted for:
, A) Rapid diffusion and filtration
B) Protection against abrasion
C) Secretion and absorption
D) Stretching
Correct Answer: A) Rapid diffusion and filtration
Rationale: A single layer of flat cells minimizes the distance for diffusion. It lines
the alveoli of the lungs and the walls of capillaries for efficient gas and nutrient
exchange.
6. Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest and contains actively dividing
cells?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum lucidum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum basale
Correct Answer: D) Stratum basale
Rationale: The stratum basale (germinativum) rests on the basement membrane
and contains stem cells that undergo mitosis, pushing older cells upward.
Melanocytes are also found here.
7. The dermis is composed mainly of:
A) Stratified squamous epithelium
