PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODULE 8 EXAM EXAMS
QUESTIONS AND ALL CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED AND
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!
1. Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR, EXCEPT:
A. The kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of
the rest of the body.
B. The sympathetic nervous system cannot supersede the renal regulatory system.
C. The RAAS responds when blood pressure drops below normal limits.
CORRECT ANSWER: B — The sympathetic nervous system cannot supersede the renal
regulatory system
Rationale:
The sympathetic nervous system can supersede renal autoregulation during extreme
conditions such as shock. It causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, reducing renal
blood flow and GFR.
2. Which of the following is false regarding ADH?
A. Elevated levels of ADH will lead to a small volume of concentrated urine.
B. Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine.
C. Alcohol inhibits ADH.
CORRECT ANSWER: B — Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine
Rationale:
ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, resulting in small amounts of
concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH, causing increased urine production.
3. Juxtamedullary nephrons are characterized by the following EXCEPT:
,A. They make up 85% of all nephrons.
B. They originate deep in the cortex.
C. Their loops of Henle extend across the entire medulla.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — They make up 85% of all nephrons
Rationale:
Juxtamedullary nephrons make up approximately 15% of nephrons. The remaining 85% are
cortical nephrons.
4. Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which
fluid imbalance?
A. Dehydration
B. Water toxicity
C. Edema
CORRECT ANSWER: C — Edema
Rationale:
Edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial space.
5. Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the following EXCEPT:
A. Sodium and water are absorbed in equal portions.
B. The ascending limb is impermeable to water.
C. Water is absorbed in the descending limb.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — Sodium and water are absorbed in equal portions
Rationale:
The descending limb allows water movement, while the ascending limb reabsorbs sodium but is
impermeable to water.
6. Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base balance?
Mark all that apply.
A. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood.
B. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood.
, C. Venous blood is characterized by a more alkaline pH.
D. A higher concentration of hydrogen ions will decrease blood pH.
CORRECT ANSWERS: A, D
Rationale:
More hydrogen ions (H⁺) make blood more acidic, lowering pH. Bicarbonate contributes to
buffering but acid-base balance primarily refers to hydrogen ion concentration.
7. Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following EXCEPT:
A. Edema of the hands and face can be a sign of this condition.
B. Associated with a good prognosis and rarely causes chronic disease.
C. Lab results will show elevated anti-streptococcal antibody titer.
D. Hypocellularity.
CORRECT ANSWER: D — Hypocellularity
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis causes hypercellularity due to immune-mediated inflammation.
8. Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection?
A. Involves humoral immunity.
B. Responds well to immunosuppressant therapies.
C. Involves increased T lymphocytes.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — Involves humoral immunity
Rationale:
Chronic rejection involves antibody-mediated injury and usually responds poorly to
immunosuppressive therapy.
9. Which of the following is true of cholecalciferol?
A. It is an inactive form of Vitamin D taken in through the skin via UV rays.
B. It is the inactive form of synthesized Vitamin D.
C. It is the active form of Vitamin D converted by the liver.
D. It is the active form of Vitamin D converted in the kidneys.
MODULE 8 EXAM EXAMS
QUESTIONS AND ALL CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED AND
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!
1. Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR, EXCEPT:
A. The kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of
the rest of the body.
B. The sympathetic nervous system cannot supersede the renal regulatory system.
C. The RAAS responds when blood pressure drops below normal limits.
CORRECT ANSWER: B — The sympathetic nervous system cannot supersede the renal
regulatory system
Rationale:
The sympathetic nervous system can supersede renal autoregulation during extreme
conditions such as shock. It causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, reducing renal
blood flow and GFR.
2. Which of the following is false regarding ADH?
A. Elevated levels of ADH will lead to a small volume of concentrated urine.
B. Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine.
C. Alcohol inhibits ADH.
CORRECT ANSWER: B — Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine
Rationale:
ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, resulting in small amounts of
concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH, causing increased urine production.
3. Juxtamedullary nephrons are characterized by the following EXCEPT:
,A. They make up 85% of all nephrons.
B. They originate deep in the cortex.
C. Their loops of Henle extend across the entire medulla.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — They make up 85% of all nephrons
Rationale:
Juxtamedullary nephrons make up approximately 15% of nephrons. The remaining 85% are
cortical nephrons.
4. Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which
fluid imbalance?
A. Dehydration
B. Water toxicity
C. Edema
CORRECT ANSWER: C — Edema
Rationale:
Edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial space.
5. Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the following EXCEPT:
A. Sodium and water are absorbed in equal portions.
B. The ascending limb is impermeable to water.
C. Water is absorbed in the descending limb.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — Sodium and water are absorbed in equal portions
Rationale:
The descending limb allows water movement, while the ascending limb reabsorbs sodium but is
impermeable to water.
6. Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base balance?
Mark all that apply.
A. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood.
B. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood.
, C. Venous blood is characterized by a more alkaline pH.
D. A higher concentration of hydrogen ions will decrease blood pH.
CORRECT ANSWERS: A, D
Rationale:
More hydrogen ions (H⁺) make blood more acidic, lowering pH. Bicarbonate contributes to
buffering but acid-base balance primarily refers to hydrogen ion concentration.
7. Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following EXCEPT:
A. Edema of the hands and face can be a sign of this condition.
B. Associated with a good prognosis and rarely causes chronic disease.
C. Lab results will show elevated anti-streptococcal antibody titer.
D. Hypocellularity.
CORRECT ANSWER: D — Hypocellularity
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis causes hypercellularity due to immune-mediated inflammation.
8. Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection?
A. Involves humoral immunity.
B. Responds well to immunosuppressant therapies.
C. Involves increased T lymphocytes.
CORRECT ANSWER: A — Involves humoral immunity
Rationale:
Chronic rejection involves antibody-mediated injury and usually responds poorly to
immunosuppressive therapy.
9. Which of the following is true of cholecalciferol?
A. It is an inactive form of Vitamin D taken in through the skin via UV rays.
B. It is the inactive form of synthesized Vitamin D.
C. It is the active form of Vitamin D converted by the liver.
D. It is the active form of Vitamin D converted in the kidneys.
