NUR 209/NUR209 EXAM 2 V1 | MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING II 350 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS &
RATIONALES FORTIS COLLEGE
1. A client with Acute Kidney Injury has a blood pressure of 76/55 mm Hg.
The healthcare provider ordered 1000 mL of Normal Saline to be infused over
1 hour to maintain perfusion. The client is starting to develop shortness of
breath. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
B. Ask for the insulin
C. Slow the IV infusion rate
D. Administer a rapid bolus of Normal Saline
Correct Answer: C. Slow the IV infusion rate
Rationale: The client is showing signs of fluid volume overload (shortness of
breath) from rapid IV fluid administration. The priority action is to slow the
infusion rate to prevent further complications such as pulmonary edema.
While calculating MAP and assessing the client are important, the immediate
priority is to stop the rapid fluid infusion.
2. What is nephrotic syndrome?
A. Bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma
,B. Inflammatory response in the glomerulus leading to damage to the
membrane
C. Obstruction of the urinary tract causing backflow
D. Malignant tumor of the kidney tissue
Correct Answer: B. Inflammatory response in the glomerulus leading to
damage to the membrane
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by an inflammatory response
in the glomerulus that damages the glomerular membrane. This damage leads
to increased permeability, causing massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,
edema, and hyperlipidemia.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in the urine of a patient
with nephrotic syndrome?
A. Dark brown urine
B. Foamy urine
C. Clear urine
D. Blood in urine
Correct Answer: B. Foamy urine
Rationale: Foamy urine is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome due to the
presence of large amounts of protein (proteinuria) in the urine. The protein
creates a foamy appearance when the urine is voided.
,4. What condition occurs when the glomerulus is excessively permeable to
plasma protein?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Bladder cancer
D. Renal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: B. Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the glomerulus becomes
excessively permeable to plasma proteins, allowing large amounts of protein
to leak into the urine. This results in proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and
edema.
5. What are some clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Weight loss, hypotension, and dilute urine
B. Edema, hypertension, and proteinuria
C. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
D. Flank pain, hematuria, and fever
Correct Answer: B. Edema, hypertension, and proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema (due to fluid retention),
hypertension (from fluid overload), and proteinuria (from glomerular
damage). The protein loss leads to hypoalbuminemia, which further
contributes to edema formation.
, 6. Which of the following is a common symptom of bladder cancer?
A. Irritability with dysuria
B. Ascites
C. Peripheral edema
D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: A. Irritability with dysuria
Rationale: Bladder cancer commonly presents with irritative voiding
symptoms including dysuria (painful urination), frequency, and urgency.
Hematuria is the most common presenting symptom.
7. Which of the following is a common type of renal cancer found in children?
A. Nephroblastoma
B. Renal cell carcinoma
C. Prostate cancer
D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A. Nephroblastoma
Rationale: Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is the most common
type of renal cancer found in children. Renal cell carcinoma typically affects
adults.
SURGICAL NURSING II 350 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS &
RATIONALES FORTIS COLLEGE
1. A client with Acute Kidney Injury has a blood pressure of 76/55 mm Hg.
The healthcare provider ordered 1000 mL of Normal Saline to be infused over
1 hour to maintain perfusion. The client is starting to develop shortness of
breath. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
B. Ask for the insulin
C. Slow the IV infusion rate
D. Administer a rapid bolus of Normal Saline
Correct Answer: C. Slow the IV infusion rate
Rationale: The client is showing signs of fluid volume overload (shortness of
breath) from rapid IV fluid administration. The priority action is to slow the
infusion rate to prevent further complications such as pulmonary edema.
While calculating MAP and assessing the client are important, the immediate
priority is to stop the rapid fluid infusion.
2. What is nephrotic syndrome?
A. Bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma
,B. Inflammatory response in the glomerulus leading to damage to the
membrane
C. Obstruction of the urinary tract causing backflow
D. Malignant tumor of the kidney tissue
Correct Answer: B. Inflammatory response in the glomerulus leading to
damage to the membrane
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by an inflammatory response
in the glomerulus that damages the glomerular membrane. This damage leads
to increased permeability, causing massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,
edema, and hyperlipidemia.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in the urine of a patient
with nephrotic syndrome?
A. Dark brown urine
B. Foamy urine
C. Clear urine
D. Blood in urine
Correct Answer: B. Foamy urine
Rationale: Foamy urine is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome due to the
presence of large amounts of protein (proteinuria) in the urine. The protein
creates a foamy appearance when the urine is voided.
,4. What condition occurs when the glomerulus is excessively permeable to
plasma protein?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Bladder cancer
D. Renal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: B. Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the glomerulus becomes
excessively permeable to plasma proteins, allowing large amounts of protein
to leak into the urine. This results in proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and
edema.
5. What are some clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Weight loss, hypotension, and dilute urine
B. Edema, hypertension, and proteinuria
C. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
D. Flank pain, hematuria, and fever
Correct Answer: B. Edema, hypertension, and proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema (due to fluid retention),
hypertension (from fluid overload), and proteinuria (from glomerular
damage). The protein loss leads to hypoalbuminemia, which further
contributes to edema formation.
, 6. Which of the following is a common symptom of bladder cancer?
A. Irritability with dysuria
B. Ascites
C. Peripheral edema
D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: A. Irritability with dysuria
Rationale: Bladder cancer commonly presents with irritative voiding
symptoms including dysuria (painful urination), frequency, and urgency.
Hematuria is the most common presenting symptom.
7. Which of the following is a common type of renal cancer found in children?
A. Nephroblastoma
B. Renal cell carcinoma
C. Prostate cancer
D. Lung cancer
Correct Answer: A. Nephroblastoma
Rationale: Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is the most common
type of renal cancer found in children. Renal cell carcinoma typically affects
adults.
