ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 EXAM NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
SECTION 1: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM (Questions 1-60)
1. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Protection of vital organs
B) Blood cell production
C) Mineral storage
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Rationale: The skeletal system serves multiple functions: protection of
vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects
the heart and lungs), blood cell production (hematopoiesis occurs in red
bone marrow), and mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus are stored in
bone matrix). All of these are essential functions of the skeletal system.
2. How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
A) 206
B) 200
C) 210
D) 250
Answer: A
Rationale: The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. Infants have
approximately 270 bones, but many fuse during growth and development,
resulting in 206 bones by adulthood. The axial skeleton contains 80 bones,
and the appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones.
3. Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
1
, A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Irregular bone
Answer: A
Rationale: The femur is classified as a long bone because it is longer
than it is wide, has a shaft (diaphysis), and has two expanded ends
(epiphyses). Long bones include bones of the arms (humerus, radius, ulna)
and legs (femur, tibia, fibula).
4. Which of the following is classified as a flat bone?
A) Femur
B) Sternum
C) Vertebra
D) Patella
Answer: B
Rationale: The sternum (breastbone) is classified as a flat bone. Flat
bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved. They provide protection
and broad surfaces for muscle attachment. Examples include the sternum,
ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones.
5. Which type of bone is the patella (kneecap) classified as?
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Sesamoid bone
Answer: D
Rationale: The patella is a sesamoid bone, which develops within
tendons in response to mechanical stress. Sesamoid bones protect tendons
from excessive wear and improve mechanical leverage. The patella is the
2
, largest sesamoid bone in the body.
6. What is the shaft of a long bone called?
A) Epiphysis
B) Diaphysis
C) Metaphysis
D) Periosteum
Answer: B
Rationale: The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis. The
diaphysis is the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone. It is
composed of compact bone and contains the medullary cavity, which houses
bone marrow. The ends of the bone are the epiphyses.
7. What is the expanded end of a long bone called?
A) Diaphysis
B) Metaphysis
C) Epiphysis
D) Periosteum
Answer: C
Rationale: The expanded ends of a long bone are called epiphyses.
The epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage and contain spongy
bone and red bone marrow. The epiphysis is where bone growth occurs
during childhood and adolescence.
8. What type of bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of adult long
bones?
A) Red bone marrow
B) Yellow bone marrow
C) White bone marrow
D) Blue bone marrow
3
, Answer: B
Rationale: The medullary cavity of adult long bones contains yellow bone
marrow, which is primarily adipose (fat) tissue. Red bone marrow, which
is responsible for hematopoiesis (blood cell production), is found in the
spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones.
9. Which type of bone marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis?
A) Yellow bone marrow
B) Red bone marrow
C) White bone marrow
D) Adipose bone marrow
Answer: B
Rationale: Red bone marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis, the
production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red bone
marrow is found in the spongy bone of flat bones (e.g., sternum, ribs,
skull) and the epiphyses of long bones.
10. What is the outer fibrous layer of bone called?
A) Endosteum
B) Periosteum
C) Perichondrium
D) Articular cartilage
Answer: B
Rationale: The periosteum is the dense, white, fibrous membrane that
covers the outer surface of bone except at the articular surfaces. It
contains blood vessels, nerves, and osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and
is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
11. Which cells are responsible for bone formation?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
4
ACTUAL EXAM| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
SECTION 1: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM (Questions 1-60)
1. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Protection of vital organs
B) Blood cell production
C) Mineral storage
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Rationale: The skeletal system serves multiple functions: protection of
vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects
the heart and lungs), blood cell production (hematopoiesis occurs in red
bone marrow), and mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus are stored in
bone matrix). All of these are essential functions of the skeletal system.
2. How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
A) 206
B) 200
C) 210
D) 250
Answer: A
Rationale: The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. Infants have
approximately 270 bones, but many fuse during growth and development,
resulting in 206 bones by adulthood. The axial skeleton contains 80 bones,
and the appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones.
3. Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
1
, A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Irregular bone
Answer: A
Rationale: The femur is classified as a long bone because it is longer
than it is wide, has a shaft (diaphysis), and has two expanded ends
(epiphyses). Long bones include bones of the arms (humerus, radius, ulna)
and legs (femur, tibia, fibula).
4. Which of the following is classified as a flat bone?
A) Femur
B) Sternum
C) Vertebra
D) Patella
Answer: B
Rationale: The sternum (breastbone) is classified as a flat bone. Flat
bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved. They provide protection
and broad surfaces for muscle attachment. Examples include the sternum,
ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones.
5. Which type of bone is the patella (kneecap) classified as?
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Sesamoid bone
Answer: D
Rationale: The patella is a sesamoid bone, which develops within
tendons in response to mechanical stress. Sesamoid bones protect tendons
from excessive wear and improve mechanical leverage. The patella is the
2
, largest sesamoid bone in the body.
6. What is the shaft of a long bone called?
A) Epiphysis
B) Diaphysis
C) Metaphysis
D) Periosteum
Answer: B
Rationale: The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis. The
diaphysis is the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone. It is
composed of compact bone and contains the medullary cavity, which houses
bone marrow. The ends of the bone are the epiphyses.
7. What is the expanded end of a long bone called?
A) Diaphysis
B) Metaphysis
C) Epiphysis
D) Periosteum
Answer: C
Rationale: The expanded ends of a long bone are called epiphyses.
The epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage and contain spongy
bone and red bone marrow. The epiphysis is where bone growth occurs
during childhood and adolescence.
8. What type of bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of adult long
bones?
A) Red bone marrow
B) Yellow bone marrow
C) White bone marrow
D) Blue bone marrow
3
, Answer: B
Rationale: The medullary cavity of adult long bones contains yellow bone
marrow, which is primarily adipose (fat) tissue. Red bone marrow, which
is responsible for hematopoiesis (blood cell production), is found in the
spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones.
9. Which type of bone marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis?
A) Yellow bone marrow
B) Red bone marrow
C) White bone marrow
D) Adipose bone marrow
Answer: B
Rationale: Red bone marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis, the
production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red bone
marrow is found in the spongy bone of flat bones (e.g., sternum, ribs,
skull) and the epiphyses of long bones.
10. What is the outer fibrous layer of bone called?
A) Endosteum
B) Periosteum
C) Perichondrium
D) Articular cartilage
Answer: B
Rationale: The periosteum is the dense, white, fibrous membrane that
covers the outer surface of bone except at the articular surfaces. It
contains blood vessels, nerves, and osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and
is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
11. Which cells are responsible for bone formation?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
4
