NSG 3850 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
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1. Gastritis common clinical manifestations - ANSWER ✔ N/V, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, anorexia, postprandial discomfort (paint after eating), and
hematemesis. Could also be asymptomatic.
2. Peptic Ulcer Disease most common clinical manifestations - ANSWER ✔
Mild epigastric burning pain usually relieved by INTAKE of food
(especially dairy products).
3. What increases GERD? - ANSWER ✔ Tight clothing, laying flat at night,
obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
4. What causes acute on chronic kidney disease? - ANSWER ✔ Any type of
prerenal injury (hemorrhage, sepsis)
5. What can precipitate kidney stone formation? - ANSWER ✔ Dehydration-
working in the heat and higher levels of solute in urine from excess secretion
(calcium and uric acid).
6. What happens in antibiotic-associated colitis in the large intestines
(Enterocolitis also known as pseudomembranous colitis)? - ANSWER ✔
Mucosal necrosis caused by C. Diff and acute inflammation in large
intestine. Will have higher WBC.
7. Antibiotic associated colitis is know as what and causes changes in what
labs? - ANSWER ✔ Pseudomembranous Colitis and causes an increase in
WBC.
,8. Common manifestation of diverticula. - ANSWER ✔ Constipation and
also can be asymptomatic.
9. Why do diverticulum develop? - ANSWER ✔ Low intake in fiber.
10.What happens in short bowel syndrome? - ANSWER ✔ Malabsorption due
to the bowel not being there.
11.Patient that has Peptic Ulcer Disease what is the priority assessment? -
ANSWER ✔ The patient will have black tarry stool and will have blood in
the stool could also be coffee ground in texture. GI bleeds are life-
threatening complications.
12.Clinical Manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER ✔ Sudden
onset fever, chills, hematuria, CVA tenderness (flank pain), anorexia, N/V,
dysuria, urgency, frequency, and fever-induced dehydration.
13.How does edema develop in nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER ✔ Increase
permeability of glomeruli allowing spillage of protein. Hypoalbuminemia as
the albumin is lost, the oncotic pressure decreases. This causes fluid to
escape into surrounding tissues and escaping from vessels.
14.Renin angiotensin Aldosterone System works as compensatory mechanism
in which type of kidney injury? - ANSWER ✔ Prerenal Kidney
15.Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema - ANSWER ✔ C
16.A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
c. edema
d. hypertension - ANSWER ✔ A
17.The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
, a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter - ANSWER ✔ B
18.It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted - ANSWER ✔ D
19.The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction - ANSWER ✔ D
20.Adult polycystic kidney disease - ANSWER ✔ manifests with decreasing
renal function and hypertension in adulthood
21.In chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER ✔ progression to end-stage
renal disease is common
22.Movement of renal calculi into the ureter produces - ANSWER ✔ renal
colic
23.Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following except?
A) diabetes mellitus
B) kidney trauma
C) pregnancy
D) elderly age - ANSWER ✔ B) Kidney trauma
24.the finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of - ANSWER
✔ pyelonephritis
25.The finding of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of - ANSWER
✔ Glomerulonephritis
, 26.polycystic kidney disease (PKD) - ANSWER ✔ Genetic disorder in which
fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys.
27.Prerenal kidney injury, regardless of the specific cause, has a single common
etiologic factor, which is - ANSWER ✔ decreased kidney perfusion
28.All of the following could produce prerenal kidney in jury except -
ANSWER ✔ pyelonephritis
29.Kidney injury produces all of the following characteristic alterations in
laboratory values except?
A) increased creatinine levels
B) increased potassium levels
C) increased phosphorus levels
D) increased calcium levels - ANSWER ✔ D) increased
calcium levels
30.Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing prerenal
acute kidney injury? - ANSWER ✔ A young man with significant post
surgical hemorrhage
31.The cause of death of most patients with chronic kidney disease is -
ANSWER ✔ cardiovascular disease
32.Cystitis is: - ANSWER ✔ an inflammation of the bladder lining
33.Risk factors for the development of cystitis include all of the following
except?
A) female gender
B) acidic urine
C) urinary stasis - ANSWER ✔ B) acidic urine
34.The most common cause of cystitis is - ANSWER ✔ Escherichia coli
(E.coli)
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. Gastritis common clinical manifestations - ANSWER ✔ N/V, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, anorexia, postprandial discomfort (paint after eating), and
hematemesis. Could also be asymptomatic.
2. Peptic Ulcer Disease most common clinical manifestations - ANSWER ✔
Mild epigastric burning pain usually relieved by INTAKE of food
(especially dairy products).
3. What increases GERD? - ANSWER ✔ Tight clothing, laying flat at night,
obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
4. What causes acute on chronic kidney disease? - ANSWER ✔ Any type of
prerenal injury (hemorrhage, sepsis)
5. What can precipitate kidney stone formation? - ANSWER ✔ Dehydration-
working in the heat and higher levels of solute in urine from excess secretion
(calcium and uric acid).
6. What happens in antibiotic-associated colitis in the large intestines
(Enterocolitis also known as pseudomembranous colitis)? - ANSWER ✔
Mucosal necrosis caused by C. Diff and acute inflammation in large
intestine. Will have higher WBC.
7. Antibiotic associated colitis is know as what and causes changes in what
labs? - ANSWER ✔ Pseudomembranous Colitis and causes an increase in
WBC.
,8. Common manifestation of diverticula. - ANSWER ✔ Constipation and
also can be asymptomatic.
9. Why do diverticulum develop? - ANSWER ✔ Low intake in fiber.
10.What happens in short bowel syndrome? - ANSWER ✔ Malabsorption due
to the bowel not being there.
11.Patient that has Peptic Ulcer Disease what is the priority assessment? -
ANSWER ✔ The patient will have black tarry stool and will have blood in
the stool could also be coffee ground in texture. GI bleeds are life-
threatening complications.
12.Clinical Manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER ✔ Sudden
onset fever, chills, hematuria, CVA tenderness (flank pain), anorexia, N/V,
dysuria, urgency, frequency, and fever-induced dehydration.
13.How does edema develop in nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER ✔ Increase
permeability of glomeruli allowing spillage of protein. Hypoalbuminemia as
the albumin is lost, the oncotic pressure decreases. This causes fluid to
escape into surrounding tissues and escaping from vessels.
14.Renin angiotensin Aldosterone System works as compensatory mechanism
in which type of kidney injury? - ANSWER ✔ Prerenal Kidney
15.Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema - ANSWER ✔ C
16.A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
c. edema
d. hypertension - ANSWER ✔ A
17.The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
, a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter - ANSWER ✔ B
18.It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted - ANSWER ✔ D
19.The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction - ANSWER ✔ D
20.Adult polycystic kidney disease - ANSWER ✔ manifests with decreasing
renal function and hypertension in adulthood
21.In chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER ✔ progression to end-stage
renal disease is common
22.Movement of renal calculi into the ureter produces - ANSWER ✔ renal
colic
23.Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following except?
A) diabetes mellitus
B) kidney trauma
C) pregnancy
D) elderly age - ANSWER ✔ B) Kidney trauma
24.the finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of - ANSWER
✔ pyelonephritis
25.The finding of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of - ANSWER
✔ Glomerulonephritis
, 26.polycystic kidney disease (PKD) - ANSWER ✔ Genetic disorder in which
fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys.
27.Prerenal kidney injury, regardless of the specific cause, has a single common
etiologic factor, which is - ANSWER ✔ decreased kidney perfusion
28.All of the following could produce prerenal kidney in jury except -
ANSWER ✔ pyelonephritis
29.Kidney injury produces all of the following characteristic alterations in
laboratory values except?
A) increased creatinine levels
B) increased potassium levels
C) increased phosphorus levels
D) increased calcium levels - ANSWER ✔ D) increased
calcium levels
30.Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing prerenal
acute kidney injury? - ANSWER ✔ A young man with significant post
surgical hemorrhage
31.The cause of death of most patients with chronic kidney disease is -
ANSWER ✔ cardiovascular disease
32.Cystitis is: - ANSWER ✔ an inflammation of the bladder lining
33.Risk factors for the development of cystitis include all of the following
except?
A) female gender
B) acidic urine
C) urinary stasis - ANSWER ✔ B) acidic urine
34.The most common cause of cystitis is - ANSWER ✔ Escherichia coli
(E.coli)
