HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Guarantee Pass 2026/2027
1. The rib cage belongs to which of the following?
Choices A & B
Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Trunk skeleton
2. The state of constant contraction seen in skeletal muscles is called _.
summation
tetanus
twitch
the latent period
3. Describe the role of red bone marrow in the process of hematopoiesis.
Red bone marrow helps in the absorption of nutrients.
Red bone marrow stores fat for energy.
Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of red blood
cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red bone marrow produces hormones for growth.
4. Describe the characteristics that differentiate cardiac muscle from voluntary
muscle.
Cardiac muscle is voluntary and smooth, requiring conscious effort to
function.
, Cardiac muscle is striated and can be controlled voluntarily like
skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle is non-striated and functions under conscious control.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, functioning
automatically without conscious control.
5. Which of these is not a function of the vertebral column?
protects the spinal cord
protects the heart and lungs
provides an attachment point for back muscles
allows us to stand on 2 limbs (erect)
6. The brain and the spinal cord make up which part of the nervous system?
Autonomic
Central
Sympathetic
Peripheral
7. If a patient has a blockage in their arteries, what physiological process would
be most directly impacted?
Nutrient absorption in the intestines
Carbon dioxide removal from the body
Oxygen delivery to tissues
Hormone distribution throughout the body
,8. If a patient is experiencing shallow breathing due to a respiratory condition,
how might this affect their tidal volume and overall gas exchange?
It would have no effect on tidal volume or gas exchange.
It would increase tidal volume but decrease gas exchange efficiency.
It would decrease tidal volume and impair gas exchange.
It would increase tidal volume and enhance gas exchange.
9. Describe the components that make up a motor unit and their roles.
A motor unit includes only the tendons that connect muscles to bones.
A motor unit is made up of only muscle cells that contract
independently.
A motor unit is a collection of nerve fibers without any muscle
involvement.
A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it
innervates, working together to facilitate muscle contraction.
10. Describe the role of arteries in the circulatory system.
Arteries return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's
tissues.
Arteries store blood for later use.
Arteries are involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
11. Describe the role of the oropharynx in the respiratory system.
The oropharynx filters air before it enters the lungs.
The oropharynx produces mucus to trap pathogens.
, The oropharynx is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs.
The oropharynx serves as a passageway for air from the mouth to
the larynx and is involved in both respiratory and digestive
functions.
12. Which type of blood vessel is responsible for transporting blood away from
the heart?
Arteries
Venules
Veins
Capillaries
13. A motor unit is made up of
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
all the neurons going into an individual section of the body
a muscle and a nerve
all the muscle fibers within a given muscle
14. Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
Correct Answers 100% Guarantee Pass 2026/2027
1. The rib cage belongs to which of the following?
Choices A & B
Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Trunk skeleton
2. The state of constant contraction seen in skeletal muscles is called _.
summation
tetanus
twitch
the latent period
3. Describe the role of red bone marrow in the process of hematopoiesis.
Red bone marrow helps in the absorption of nutrients.
Red bone marrow stores fat for energy.
Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of red blood
cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red bone marrow produces hormones for growth.
4. Describe the characteristics that differentiate cardiac muscle from voluntary
muscle.
Cardiac muscle is voluntary and smooth, requiring conscious effort to
function.
, Cardiac muscle is striated and can be controlled voluntarily like
skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle is non-striated and functions under conscious control.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, functioning
automatically without conscious control.
5. Which of these is not a function of the vertebral column?
protects the spinal cord
protects the heart and lungs
provides an attachment point for back muscles
allows us to stand on 2 limbs (erect)
6. The brain and the spinal cord make up which part of the nervous system?
Autonomic
Central
Sympathetic
Peripheral
7. If a patient has a blockage in their arteries, what physiological process would
be most directly impacted?
Nutrient absorption in the intestines
Carbon dioxide removal from the body
Oxygen delivery to tissues
Hormone distribution throughout the body
,8. If a patient is experiencing shallow breathing due to a respiratory condition,
how might this affect their tidal volume and overall gas exchange?
It would have no effect on tidal volume or gas exchange.
It would increase tidal volume but decrease gas exchange efficiency.
It would decrease tidal volume and impair gas exchange.
It would increase tidal volume and enhance gas exchange.
9. Describe the components that make up a motor unit and their roles.
A motor unit includes only the tendons that connect muscles to bones.
A motor unit is made up of only muscle cells that contract
independently.
A motor unit is a collection of nerve fibers without any muscle
involvement.
A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it
innervates, working together to facilitate muscle contraction.
10. Describe the role of arteries in the circulatory system.
Arteries return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's
tissues.
Arteries store blood for later use.
Arteries are involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
11. Describe the role of the oropharynx in the respiratory system.
The oropharynx filters air before it enters the lungs.
The oropharynx produces mucus to trap pathogens.
, The oropharynx is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs.
The oropharynx serves as a passageway for air from the mouth to
the larynx and is involved in both respiratory and digestive
functions.
12. Which type of blood vessel is responsible for transporting blood away from
the heart?
Arteries
Venules
Veins
Capillaries
13. A motor unit is made up of
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
all the neurons going into an individual section of the body
a muscle and a nerve
all the muscle fibers within a given muscle
14. Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
