NR283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-STUDY
GUIDE LATEST ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+
what is osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that
decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-white female, postmenopausal,
aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-silent until fractures occur, back
pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin
D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔--Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔--chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down
cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔-inflammation,
fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss
of function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔-
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - ANS✔✔-a twist of the bone looking
like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - ANS✔✔-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - ANS✔✔-Decrease
pain threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - ANS✔✔-reduce translation of pain
, NR283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-STUDY
GUIDE LATEST ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - ANS✔✔-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - ANS✔✔-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - ANS✔✔-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - ANS✔✔-amount of pain body can handle before you
involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - ANS✔✔-*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - ANS✔✔-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - ANS✔✔-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - ANS✔✔-nociceptors pick up pain signals
what is the role of nociceptors? - ANS✔✔-transmits pain
what are neurotransmitters? - ANS✔✔-chemicals the nervous system use to
communicate
what is modulation of pain? - ANS✔✔-increased or decreased transmissions of pain
signals (manages pain)
what is neuropathic pain? - ANS✔✔-dysfunction of the nervous system?
ex.) fibromyalgia
what is referred pain? - ANS✔✔-pain where the real issue is NOT located
ex) heart attack, left shoulder
where is visceral pain located? - ANS✔✔-internal organs
where is somatic pain located? - ANS✔✔-skin, muscles, and joints
what is chronic pain? - ANS✔✔-pain lasting longer than 6 months, nonprotective
what is acute pain? - ANS✔✔-pain lasting less than 3 months, protective
what is a seizure? - ANS✔✔-massive firing of neurons at once
what risk factors and causes of seizures? - ANS✔✔-metabolic, congenital, genetic,
perinatal, trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease, drugs and alcohol abuse
what is the preictal phase of a seizure? - ANS✔✔-Aura-visual/auditory sensation right
before seizure (minutes before seizure)
Prodromal- nausea, irritablity, muscle twitching (hours before seizure)
what is the ictal phase of a seizure? (actual seizure) - ANS✔✔-Tonic- muscle
contraction, increased rigidity, tight jaw, lose conciousness
clonic- contraction/relaxation, jerking movements, increased salvation
what is the postictal phase of a seizure? - ANS✔✔-aching muscles, confusion, fatigue
GUIDE LATEST ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+
what is osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that
decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-white female, postmenopausal,
aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-silent until fractures occur, back
pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔-active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin
D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - ANS✔✔--Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔--chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down
cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔-inflammation,
fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss
of function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - ANS✔✔-
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - ANS✔✔-a twist of the bone looking
like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - ANS✔✔-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - ANS✔✔-Decrease
pain threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - ANS✔✔-reduce translation of pain
, NR283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-STUDY
GUIDE LATEST ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - ANS✔✔-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - ANS✔✔-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - ANS✔✔-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - ANS✔✔-amount of pain body can handle before you
involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - ANS✔✔-*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - ANS✔✔-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - ANS✔✔-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - ANS✔✔-nociceptors pick up pain signals
what is the role of nociceptors? - ANS✔✔-transmits pain
what are neurotransmitters? - ANS✔✔-chemicals the nervous system use to
communicate
what is modulation of pain? - ANS✔✔-increased or decreased transmissions of pain
signals (manages pain)
what is neuropathic pain? - ANS✔✔-dysfunction of the nervous system?
ex.) fibromyalgia
what is referred pain? - ANS✔✔-pain where the real issue is NOT located
ex) heart attack, left shoulder
where is visceral pain located? - ANS✔✔-internal organs
where is somatic pain located? - ANS✔✔-skin, muscles, and joints
what is chronic pain? - ANS✔✔-pain lasting longer than 6 months, nonprotective
what is acute pain? - ANS✔✔-pain lasting less than 3 months, protective
what is a seizure? - ANS✔✔-massive firing of neurons at once
what risk factors and causes of seizures? - ANS✔✔-metabolic, congenital, genetic,
perinatal, trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease, drugs and alcohol abuse
what is the preictal phase of a seizure? - ANS✔✔-Aura-visual/auditory sensation right
before seizure (minutes before seizure)
Prodromal- nausea, irritablity, muscle twitching (hours before seizure)
what is the ictal phase of a seizure? (actual seizure) - ANS✔✔-Tonic- muscle
contraction, increased rigidity, tight jaw, lose conciousness
clonic- contraction/relaxation, jerking movements, increased salvation
what is the postictal phase of a seizure? - ANS✔✔-aching muscles, confusion, fatigue
