ATI MED SURG REVIEW 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ Digoxin
Answer: Check HR (<60 HOLD)
Toxicity:
Nausea
Yellow vision
◉ Furosemide
Answer: Causes hypokalemia
(loop diuretic) used to treat edema (fluid retention) caused by heart,
kidney, or liver disease, and to manage high blood pressure
◉ Insulin
Answer: Regular insulin = ONLY IV insulin
Causes potassium to shift INTO cells → ↓ K⁺
,◉ Hypoglycemia VS Hyperglycemia
Answer: HYPO
^
Skin: Pale, cool, and clammy.
Neuro/Behavioral: Shaking/tremors, dizziness, confusion,
irritability, slurred speech, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).
Other: Intense hunger, blurred vision.
Nursing Action: "Cold and Clammy, Need Some Candy." Administer
fast-acting carbohydrates
HYPER
^
Skin: Warm and dry.
Neuro/Behavioral: Fatigue, lethargy, headache, confusion (in severe
DKA).
Other: Extreme thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria),
fruity-smelling breath, nausea/vomiting.
,Nursing Action: "Hot and Dry, Sugar High." Administer insulin,
increase fluids.
◉ Hyperkalemia EKG and risk
Answer: Peaked T waves
^ leading to faster and more synchronous ventricular repolarization
Cardiac arrest risk
◉ Hypokalemia EKG and risk
Answer: Muscle weakness
U waves
^ slows ventricular repolarization
◉ EKG
Answer: P Wave: (SA) atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS Complex: ventricular depolarization (contraction).
T Wave: ventricular repolarization (recovery/relaxation).
, U Wave: occasional wave after the T wave
^ representing Purkinje repolarization or late ventricular relaxation.
(hypokalemia)
◉ Hypocalcemia
Answer: Tetany (involuntary muscle contractions)
Chvostek's sign (twitching, brush facial nerve)
Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm w/ BP cuff)
when levels are low, nerves become hyperexcitable, causing them to
fire uncontrollably and trigger involuntary muscle contractions
◉ DELEGATION
Answer: UAP
ADLs
(stable patients)
LPN
Routine meds
Stable patients
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ Digoxin
Answer: Check HR (<60 HOLD)
Toxicity:
Nausea
Yellow vision
◉ Furosemide
Answer: Causes hypokalemia
(loop diuretic) used to treat edema (fluid retention) caused by heart,
kidney, or liver disease, and to manage high blood pressure
◉ Insulin
Answer: Regular insulin = ONLY IV insulin
Causes potassium to shift INTO cells → ↓ K⁺
,◉ Hypoglycemia VS Hyperglycemia
Answer: HYPO
^
Skin: Pale, cool, and clammy.
Neuro/Behavioral: Shaking/tremors, dizziness, confusion,
irritability, slurred speech, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).
Other: Intense hunger, blurred vision.
Nursing Action: "Cold and Clammy, Need Some Candy." Administer
fast-acting carbohydrates
HYPER
^
Skin: Warm and dry.
Neuro/Behavioral: Fatigue, lethargy, headache, confusion (in severe
DKA).
Other: Extreme thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria),
fruity-smelling breath, nausea/vomiting.
,Nursing Action: "Hot and Dry, Sugar High." Administer insulin,
increase fluids.
◉ Hyperkalemia EKG and risk
Answer: Peaked T waves
^ leading to faster and more synchronous ventricular repolarization
Cardiac arrest risk
◉ Hypokalemia EKG and risk
Answer: Muscle weakness
U waves
^ slows ventricular repolarization
◉ EKG
Answer: P Wave: (SA) atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS Complex: ventricular depolarization (contraction).
T Wave: ventricular repolarization (recovery/relaxation).
, U Wave: occasional wave after the T wave
^ representing Purkinje repolarization or late ventricular relaxation.
(hypokalemia)
◉ Hypocalcemia
Answer: Tetany (involuntary muscle contractions)
Chvostek's sign (twitching, brush facial nerve)
Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm w/ BP cuff)
when levels are low, nerves become hyperexcitable, causing them to
fire uncontrollably and trigger involuntary muscle contractions
◉ DELEGATION
Answer: UAP
ADLs
(stable patients)
LPN
Routine meds
Stable patients
