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BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM AND PRACTICE 2026/2027 EXAM
180 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE PASS!!!
These motor pathways provide input to lower motor neurons
from axons that extend directly from the cerebral cortex -
ANSWER-direct motor pathways
Where is the primary motor area located ? - ANSWER-
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
What are these the functions of ?
-play large role in initiation and termination of movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- influences muscle tone
-influences many aspects of cortical function - ANSWER-Basal
Nuclei
What part of the CNS has these functions?
- monitoring intention for movements
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-monitoring actual movement
- comparing command signals with sensory information
- sending out corrective feedback - ANSWER-the cerebellum
What are the integrative functions of the cerebrum? - ANSWER-
cerebral activities (sleep & wakefulness), learning, memory,
emotional response
For arousal to occur
____________________________________ must be stimulated
- ANSWER-reticular activating system
What is the deepest stage of REM sleep? - ANSWER-stage 4
What are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway? -
ANSWER-olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory cilia extend from the dendrites and are sites of
________________________________ - ANSWER-olfactory
transduction
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These olfactory epithelium cells provide physical support,
nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals
once in the olfactory epithelium - ANSWER-Supporting cells
Binding of an odorant to an olfactory receptor proteins in an
olfactory cilium stimulates a membrane protein called a
_________________ - ANSWER-G protein
The G protein activates the enzyme _____________________
to produce a substance called cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- ANSWER-adenylate cyclase
Which papillae do not contain taste buds? - ANSWER-filiform
papillae
What taste threshold is the lowest? - ANSWER-Bitter taste
What 3 nerves play a role in the gustatory pathway? - ANSWER-
Vagus (X) nerve, Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, Facial (VII) nerve
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This is the thin protective mucous membrane composed of
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous
goblet cells that is supported by areolar connective tissue -
ANSWER-conjunctiva
This is a group of structures that produces and drains lacrimal
fluid (tears) - ANSWER-lacrimal apparatus
What is the name of the protective bactericidal enzyme that is
found in lacrimal fluid? - ANSWER-lysozyme
These 6 muscles are found where?
1. Superior rectus
2. Inferior rectus
3. Lateral rectus
4. Medial rectus
5. Superior oblique
6. Inferior oblique - ANSWER-the eye
BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM AND PRACTICE 2026/2027 EXAM
180 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE PASS!!!
These motor pathways provide input to lower motor neurons
from axons that extend directly from the cerebral cortex -
ANSWER-direct motor pathways
Where is the primary motor area located ? - ANSWER-
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
What are these the functions of ?
-play large role in initiation and termination of movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- influences muscle tone
-influences many aspects of cortical function - ANSWER-Basal
Nuclei
What part of the CNS has these functions?
- monitoring intention for movements
,2|Page
-monitoring actual movement
- comparing command signals with sensory information
- sending out corrective feedback - ANSWER-the cerebellum
What are the integrative functions of the cerebrum? - ANSWER-
cerebral activities (sleep & wakefulness), learning, memory,
emotional response
For arousal to occur
____________________________________ must be stimulated
- ANSWER-reticular activating system
What is the deepest stage of REM sleep? - ANSWER-stage 4
What are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway? -
ANSWER-olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory cilia extend from the dendrites and are sites of
________________________________ - ANSWER-olfactory
transduction
,3|Page
These olfactory epithelium cells provide physical support,
nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals
once in the olfactory epithelium - ANSWER-Supporting cells
Binding of an odorant to an olfactory receptor proteins in an
olfactory cilium stimulates a membrane protein called a
_________________ - ANSWER-G protein
The G protein activates the enzyme _____________________
to produce a substance called cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- ANSWER-adenylate cyclase
Which papillae do not contain taste buds? - ANSWER-filiform
papillae
What taste threshold is the lowest? - ANSWER-Bitter taste
What 3 nerves play a role in the gustatory pathway? - ANSWER-
Vagus (X) nerve, Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, Facial (VII) nerve
, 4|Page
This is the thin protective mucous membrane composed of
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous
goblet cells that is supported by areolar connective tissue -
ANSWER-conjunctiva
This is a group of structures that produces and drains lacrimal
fluid (tears) - ANSWER-lacrimal apparatus
What is the name of the protective bactericidal enzyme that is
found in lacrimal fluid? - ANSWER-lysozyme
These 6 muscles are found where?
1. Superior rectus
2. Inferior rectus
3. Lateral rectus
4. Medial rectus
5. Superior oblique
6. Inferior oblique - ANSWER-the eye
