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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2026 116+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2026 116+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER dd dd




dd PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS dd dd dd




STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
dd dd DATE: _____________ dd




COURSE: Pathophysiology Exam 3 dd dd dd TIME: _____________ dd




EXAM CODE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING EXAM QUE
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STIONS-101




EXAM INSTRUCTIONS:
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1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
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2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
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3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
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4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
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Q1. The nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows that which of the following a
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re primary functions of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Production of clotting factors
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B. Homeostasis
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C. Excretion of metabolic wastes
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D. Regulation of acid-base balance
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E. Metabolism of fats
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[Verified Solution]: B, C, D The kidneys do not metabolize fats. Production of clotting factors is a pri
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mary function of the liver. The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce eryth
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ropoietin to stimulate RBC production.
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Q2. In caring for a patient diagnosed with acute kidney injury, the nephrology nurse knows t
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hat which of the following tests are specific for renal function? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
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B. Blood urea nitrogen
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C. Creatinine
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D. Glomerular filtration rate
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E. White blood cell count
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[Verified Solution]: B, C, D AST related to LIVER function
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Q3. In caring for a patient with acute kidney injury the nurse knows that the patient's renal f
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unction has returned to normal range when the patient's GFR measures:
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A. 30-40 mL/min
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B. 40-50 mL/min
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,C. 70-90 mL/min
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D. 90-120 mL/min
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[Verified Solution]: D Normal GFR is 90-120 mL/min Normal Creatinine 0.6-1.1 for females and 0.6-
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1.2 for males Normal BUN is 10-
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20 mg/dL *Be sure to know these normal values, you will use them daily as a nurse
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Q4. The nursing working in a geriatric living facility understands that as patients age, which
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change in glomerular filtration rate is expected?
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A. Increased GFR
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B. Decreased GFR
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C. Same GFR
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D. No GFR
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[Verified Solution]: B Aging and renal function: Decrease in renal blood flow and GFR → altered sod
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ium and water balance Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes Respo
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nse to acid-
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base changes is delayed Increased risk for drug toxicity Alterations in thirst and water intake Get dehyd
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rated very easily; do not recognize thirst and heat Decreased muscle mass may lead to decreased creatin
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ine values dd




Q5. An older patient is experiencing urinary stasis. The registered nurse knows that urinary s
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tasis may lead to which of the following?
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A. Increased GFR
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B. Hypocoagulation
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C. Hypertension
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D. Infection
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[Verified Solution]: D Urinary stasis is a risk factor for developing UTI
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Q6. Which of the following is classified as the most common primary mineral salt composition
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of kidney stones?
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A. Calcium
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B. Struvite
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C. Uric Acid
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D. Cysteine
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[Verified Solution]: A A - calcium (i. dd dddd dd dd dd dd



e. oxalate or phosphate) is most common *Note that a change in urine pH may lead to precipitation of s
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tones




Q7. Which of the following are risk factors for developing renal tumors? (Select all that apply
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.)
A. Female gender
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, B. Smoking
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C. Obesity
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D. Diabetes
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E. Hypertension
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[Verified Solution]: B, C, E risk factors are male gender, smoking, obesity, uncontrolled hypertension
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Q8. The registered nurse would expect which of the following lab values for a patient experie
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ncing acute kidney failure?
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A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
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B. Sodium 122 mEq/L
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C. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
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D. BUN 10 mg/dL
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[Verified Solution]: A the normal creatinine level is 0.6 -
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1.2 This BUN is within normal range (BUN would be elevated in acute kidney failure)
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Q9. In caring for a patient experiencing acute kidney injury who has these lab values: urinar
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y output 15 mL/hr, BUN 30 mg/dL, and creatinine 3.5, the nurse knows that the patient is exp
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eriencing which phase of acute kidney injury?
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A. Initiation phase
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B. Oliguric phase
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C. Recovery (polyuric) phase
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D. I don't remember the normal lab values
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[Verified Solution]: B Remember that there are phases of acute kidney injury -
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Initiation phase is when the injury is just beginning and prevention is still possible Next is the oliguric
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phase where urinary output is decreased and nitrogenous waste products are maintained (BUN and Creat
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inine) There is also the recovery or polyuric/diuretic phase -
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diuresis is common and BUN and creatinine decline
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Q10. A 25-year- dddd dd



old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes
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that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate
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caused by: dd



A. Decreased renal blood flow
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B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
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C. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces proximal to blockage
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D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone
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[Verified Solution]: C Hydroureter; dilation of ureter Hydronephrosis: dilation/enlargement of renal pe
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lvis and calyces Ureterohydronephrosis: dilation of ureter AND renal pelvis and calyces
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