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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2026 142+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2026 142+ COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER dd dd




dd PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS dd dd dd




STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
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COURSE: Pathophysiology Exam 1 Fall Clemson Nursing
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EXAM CODE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING EXAM QUE
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STIONS-101




EXAM INSTRUCTIONS:
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1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
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2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
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3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
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4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
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Q1. what is disease?
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[Verified Solution]: disruption of normal cellular structure and function
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Q2. what does the plasma membrane do?
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[Verified Solution]: acts as a barrier to protect organelles and separates intracellular and extracellular e
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nvironments




Q3. what happens when fluid leaks in/out of the cell due to damage of the plasma membrane?
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[Verified Solution]: fluid in - edema fluid out - dehydration
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Q4. what does the nucleus do?
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[Verified Solution]: holds genetic material that regulates all cellular structure and function
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Q5. what does the mitochondria do?
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[Verified Solution]: responsible for energy production by converting nutrients to ATP, number of mito
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chondria dependent on cell type's energy needs (bone vs muscle)
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Q6. how much ATP is made in aerobic vs anaerobic metabolism?
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[Verified Solution]: aerobic yields 34 ATP anaerobic yields 2 ATP
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,Q7. what do the ribosomes do?
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[Verified Solution]: make proteins based on from instructions from the nucleus
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Q8. what are the differences between the smooth and rough ER?
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[Verified Solution]: smooth ER: lipid production rough ER: attached to ribosomes that make proteins
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Q9. what is ER stress and where is it seen?
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[Verified Solution]: proteins can't travel where they need to go in the cell and are degraded, seen in n
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eurodegenerative disorders, cancer, obesity, diabetes dd dd dd dd




Q10. what does the golgi apparatus do?
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[Verified Solution]: processes, packages, and secretes proteins made by the ribosomes coming from th
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e ER dd




Q11. what are lysosomes?
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[Verified Solution]: contain enzymes to degrade foreign substances and cellular debris
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Q12. what is the difference between heterolysis and autolysis?
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[Verified Solution]: heterolysis is the digestion of foreign material autolysis is cell death
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Q13. what is etiology?
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[Verified Solution]: the cause of cellular alteration or disease
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Q14. what is an etiologic agent?
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[Verified Solution]: things that cause harm to cells, specific changes associated with different agents
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Q15. cells can maintain homeostasis during ______ stressors.
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[Verified Solution]: temporary
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, Q16. how to cells maintain homeostasis, what happens when they can't?
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[Verified Solution]: they make adaptive changes or maladaptive changes
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Q17. what is pathogenesis?
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[Verified Solution]: the development of a disease
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Q18. what are the difference between risk factors and precipitated factors?
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[Verified Solution]: risk factors increase the likelihood of developing a disease precipitating factors ar
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e specific events that directly lead to onset of problem
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Q19. what populations are most at risk?
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[Verified Solution]: elderly, children, immunocompromised
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Q20. what is atrophy and what are the causes?
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[Verified Solution]: decreased cell size can be caused by loss of hormones, aging, disuse, denervation,
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dinadequate nutrition, and ischemia dd dd dd




Q21. what is hypertrophy and what are the two types?
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[Verified Solution]: increased cell size two types are physiological (proportional to supportive structur
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es) and pathological (increase without increased supportive structures)
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Q22. what is hyperplasia and what are the two types?
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[Verified Solution]: increase in cell number (in cells that can do mitosis -
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NOT brain heart or nerve cells) physiologic is helpful and pathologic is not helpful
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Q23. what is metaplasia?
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[Verified Solution]: one cell type replaces another as a result of a change in the environment, often ch
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ronic inflammation
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