AIR METHODS CRITICAL CARE FINAL
PAPER UPDATED COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS BUNDLED
REVIEW GUIDE
●● Halstead's Sign
Answer: Marbled abdomen- bleeding
●● Cullen's sign
Answer: ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
●● Murphy's Sign
Answer: pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
●● Factors fetal well-being
Answer: 1.) Viability (most important)
2.) Fetal Heart rate
3.) Fetal movement
●● PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)
,Answer: -Causes increased pulmonary vascular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
●● steps in resuscitation of the neonate
Answer: Dry, warm, position to open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and put)
Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec (40-
60bpm)
reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if no response in 30
sec
Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec, then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or
(preferably) through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg
NS
●● pulmonary contusion
Answer: Chest pain
bruising over sternum
Progressive dyspnea
,decreased breath sounds on one side
rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
●● ruptured diaphragm
Answer: abd contents herniate into the thoracic cavity compressing the
lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain
radiating to L shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung
fields on injured side, decreased breath sounds on injured side.
●● Tracheobronchial injury
Answer: 1. hemoptysis
2. subcutaneous emphysema
3. air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after
chest tube placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
●● esophageal perforation
Answer: -fever
, -hematemesis
●● Fat embolus
Answer: can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from
yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
●● Blood loss from humerus fracture
Answer: 750 ml
●● blood loss from femur fracture
Answer: 1500 ml
●● PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure)
Answer: - Looks at the left side of the heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
●● Adult ETT depth
PAPER UPDATED COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS BUNDLED
REVIEW GUIDE
●● Halstead's Sign
Answer: Marbled abdomen- bleeding
●● Cullen's sign
Answer: ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
●● Murphy's Sign
Answer: pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
●● Factors fetal well-being
Answer: 1.) Viability (most important)
2.) Fetal Heart rate
3.) Fetal movement
●● PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)
,Answer: -Causes increased pulmonary vascular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
●● steps in resuscitation of the neonate
Answer: Dry, warm, position to open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and put)
Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec (40-
60bpm)
reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if no response in 30
sec
Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec, then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or
(preferably) through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg
NS
●● pulmonary contusion
Answer: Chest pain
bruising over sternum
Progressive dyspnea
,decreased breath sounds on one side
rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
●● ruptured diaphragm
Answer: abd contents herniate into the thoracic cavity compressing the
lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain
radiating to L shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung
fields on injured side, decreased breath sounds on injured side.
●● Tracheobronchial injury
Answer: 1. hemoptysis
2. subcutaneous emphysema
3. air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after
chest tube placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
●● esophageal perforation
Answer: -fever
, -hematemesis
●● Fat embolus
Answer: can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from
yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
●● Blood loss from humerus fracture
Answer: 750 ml
●● blood loss from femur fracture
Answer: 1500 ml
●● PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure)
Answer: - Looks at the left side of the heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
●● Adult ETT depth
