TEST BANK- Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care (7th Edition,2024) Joyce E. Dains|| WITH CORRECT ANSWERS||ALL CHAPTERS

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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7t
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h Edition Dains V! V!




Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
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Multiple ChoiceV!

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. WhichV!typeV!ofV!clinicalV!decision-makingV!isV!mostV!reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. WhichV!ofV!theV!followingV!isV!false?V!ToV!obtainV!adequateV!history,V!health-careV!providersV!mustV!be:
A. MethodicalV!andV!systematic
B. AttentiveV!toV!theV!patient’sV!verbalV!andV!nonverbalV!langua
ge
C. AbleV!toV!accuratelyV!interpretV!theV!patient’sV!responses
D. AdeptV!atV!readingV!intoV!theV!patient’sV!statements

3. EssentialV!partsV!ofV!aV!healthV!historyV!includeV!allV!ofV!theV!followingV!except:
A. ChiefV!complaint
B. HistoryV!ofV!theV!presentV!illness
C. CurrentV!vitalV!signs
D. AllV!ofV!theV!aboveV!areV!essentialV!historyV!compone
nts
4. WhichV!ofV!theV!followingV!isV!false?V!WhileV!performingV!theV!physicalV!examination,V!theV!examinerV!mustV!beV!ableV!to:
A. DifferentiateV!betweenV!normalV!andV!abnormalV!findings
B. RecallV!knowledgeV!ofV!aV!rangeV!ofV!conditionsV!andV!theirV!associatedV!signsV!andV!sympt
oms
C. RecognizeV!howV!certainV!conditionsV!affectV!theV!responseV!toV!otherV!conditions
D. ForeseeV!unpredictableV ! findings

5. TheV!followingV!isV!theV!leastV!reliableV!sourceV!ofV!informationV!forV!diagnosticV!statistics:
A. Evidence-basedV! investigations
B. PrimaryV!reportsV!ofV!research
C. EstimationV!basedV!onV!aV!provider’sV!experienc
e
D. PublishedV ! meta-analyses

6. TheV!followingV!canV!beV!usedV!toV!assistV!inV!soundV!clinicalV!decision-making:
A. AlgorithmV!publishedV!inV!aV!peer-
reviewedV!journalV!article
B. ClinicalV!practiceV!guidelines
C. Evidence-basedV! research
D. AllV!ofV!theV!above

7. IfV!aV!diagnosticV!studyV!hasV!highV!sensitivity,V! thisV!indicatesV!a:
A. HighV!percentageV!ofV!personsV!withV!theV!givenV!conditionV!willV!haveV!anV!abnormalV!r
esult
B. LowV!percentageV!ofV!personsV!withV!theV!givenV!conditionV!willV!haveV!anV!abnormalV!re
sult
C. LowV!likelihoodV!ofV!normalV!resultV!inV!personsV!withoutV!aV!givenV!condition
D. NoneV!ofV!theV!above

8. IfV!aV!diagnosticV!studyV!hasV!highV!specificity,V!thisV!indicatesV!a:
A. LowV!percentageV!ofV!healthyV!individualsV!willV!showV!aV!normalV!result
B. HighV!percentageV!ofV!healthyV!individualsV!willV!showV!aV!normalV!result
C. HighV!percentageV!ofV!individualsV!withV!aV!disorderV!willV!showV!aV!normalV!resul
t
D. LowV!percentageV!ofV!individualsV!withV!aV!disorderV!willV!showV!anV!abnormalV!re
sult
9. AV!likelihoodV!ratioV!aboveV!1V!indicatesV!thatV!aV!diagnosticV!testV!showingV!a:
A. PositiveV!resultV!isV!stronglyV!associatedV!withV!theV!disease
B. NegativeV!resultV!isV!stronglyV!associatedV!withV!absenceV!ofV!theV!dise
ase
C. PositiveV!resultV!isV!weaklyV!associatedV!withV!theV!disease
D. NegativeV!resultV!isV!weaklyV!associatedV!withV!absenceV!ofV!theV!disea
se
10. WhichV!ofV!theV!followingV!clinicalV!reasoningV!toolsV!isV!definedV!asV!evidence-

, V!
basedV!resourceV!basedV!onV!mathematicalV!modelingV!toV!expressV!V!theV!likelihoodV!ofV!aV!conditionV!inV!selectV!situations,V!settings,V!a
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nd/orV!patients?

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A. ClinicalV!practiceV!guideline
B. ClinicalV!decisionV!rule
C. ClinicalV!algorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLEV!CHOICE

1. ANS: B
CroskerryV!(2009)V!describesV!twoV!majorV!typesV!ofV!clinicalV!diagnosticV!decision-
making:V!intuitiveV!andV!analytical.V!IntuitiveV!decision-V!makingV!(similarV!toV!AugenblinkV!decision-
making)V!isV!basedV!onV!theV!experienceV!andV!intuitionV!ofV!theV!clinicianV!andV!isV!lessV!reliableV!andV!pairedV!withV!fairlyV!commonV!err
ors.V!InV!contrast,V!analyticalV!decision-makingV!isV!basedV!onV!carefulV!considerationV!andV!hasV!greaterV!reliabilityV!withV!rareV!errors.

PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
ToV!obtainV!adequateV!history,V!providersV!mustV!beV!wellV!organized,V!attentiveV!toV!theV!patient’sV!verbalV!andV!nonverbalV!language,V!a
ndV!ableV!toV!accuratelyV!interpretV!theV!patient’sV!responsesV!toV!questions.V!RatherV!thanV!readingV!intoV!theV!patient’sV!statements,V!th
eyV!clarifyV!anyV!areasV!ofV!uncertainty.

PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
VitalV!signsV!areV!partV!ofV!theV!physicalV!examinationV!portionV!ofV!patientV!assessment,V!notV!partV!ofV!theV!healthV!history.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
WhileV!performingV!theV!physicalV!examination,V!theV!examinerV!mustV!beV!ableV!toV!differentiateV!betweenV!normalV!andV!abnormalV!fin
dings,V!recallV!knowledgeV!ofV!aV!rangeV!ofV!conditions,V!includingV!theirV!associatedV!signsV!andV!symptoms,V!recognizeV!howV!certainV!c
onditionsV!affectV!theV!responseV!toV!otherV!conditions,V!andV!distinguishV!theV!relevanceV!ofV!variedV!abnormalV!findings.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
SourcesV!forV!diagnosticV!statisticsV!includeV!textbooks,V!primaryV!reportsV!ofV!research,V!andV!publishedV!meta-
analyses.V!AnotherV!sourceV!ofV!statistics,V!theV!oneV!thatV!hasV!beenV!mostV!widelyV!usedV!andV!availableV!forV!applicationV!toV!theV!reasoni
ngV!process,V!isV!theV!estimationV!basedV!onV!aV!provider’sV!experience,V!althoughV!theseV!areV!rarelyV!accurate.V!OverV!theV!pastV!decade,
V!theV!availabilityV!ofV! evidence V!onV! which V!toV!baseV!clinicalV!reasoningV!isV!improving, V ! andV!there V!isV!anV!increasingV! expectationV!t

hatV!clinicalV!reasoningV!beV!basedV!onV!scientificV!evidence.
Evidence-basedV!statisticsV!areV! alsoV!increasinglyV!beingV!usedV!toV!developV ! resourcesV!toV!facilitateV! clinicalV ! decision-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
ToV!assistV!inV!clinicalV!decision-making,V!aV!numberV!ofV!evidence-
basedV!resourcesV!haveV!beenV!developedV!toV!assistV!theV!clinician.V!Resources,V!suchV!asV!algorithmsV!andV!clinicalV!practiceV!guidelin
es,V!assistV!inV!clinicalV!reasoningV!whenV!properlyV!applied.

PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
TheV!sensitivityV!ofV!aV!diagnosticV!studyV!isV!theV!percentageV!ofV!individualsV!withV!theV!targetV!conditionV!whoV!showV!anV!abnormal,V!or
V ! positive,V!result.V! AV!high V!sensitivityV!indicatesV!that V!aV!greater V!percentageV!ofV!personsV! withV!theV!givenV!conditionV! willV!have V!an V!

abnormalV!result.

PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
TheV!specificityV!ofV!aV!diagnosticV!studyV!isV!theV!percentageV!ofV!normal,V!healthyV!individualsV!whoV!haveV!aV!normalV!result.V!TheV!gre
aterV!theV!specificity,V!theV!greaterV!theV!percentageV!ofV!individualsV!whoV!willV!haveV!negative,V!orV!normal,V!resultsV!ifV!theyV!doV!notV!
haveV!theV!targetV!condition.

PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
TheV!likelihoodV!ratioV!isV!theV!probabilityV!thatV!aV!positiveV!testV!resultV!willV!beV!associatedV!withV!aV!personV!whoV!hasV!theV!targetV!condi
tionV!andV!aV!negativeV!resultV!willV!beV!associatedV!withV!aV!healthyV!person.V!AV!likelihoodV!ratioV!aboveV!1V!indicatesV!thatV!aV!positiveV!
resultV!isV!associatedV!withV!theV!disease;V!aV!likelihoodV!ratioV!lessV!thanV!1V!indicatesV!thatV!aV!negativeV!resultV!isV!associatedV!withV!anV!a
bsenceV!ofV!theV!disease.