APHY 102 Ch. 18: Vitamins and Minerals
and their Functions (Nutrition and
Metabolism) questions and answers
2026
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-Dissolve in fats; resistant to heat; not often
destroyed by cooking and/or food processing. Includes Vitamins A, D, E and K.
Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant necessary for synthesis of visual
pigments, mucoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides; for normal development of bones
and teeth; and for maintenance of epithelial cells.
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER-Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
promotes development of teeth and bones.
Vitamin E - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant; prevents oxidation of Vitamin A and
polyunsaturated fatty acids; my help maintain stability of cell membranes.
Vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER-Required for synthesis of prothrombin, which
functions in blood clotting.
Water-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-B Vitamins and Vitamin C; Cooking and
food processing destroy some of them; B vitamins are essential for normal cellular
metabolism; most are coenzymes in metabolic reactions of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Inorganic elements that are essential in metabolism;
Obtained from plant foods or animals that have eaten plants; make up ~4% of body
weight.
Major Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur,
Sodium, Chlorine, and Magnesium.
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER-Structure of bones and teeth; essential for
neurotransmitter release, muscle fiber contraction, the cardiac action potential, and
blood coagulation; activates certain enzymes.
Phosphorus - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures of bones and teeth; component of nearly
and their Functions (Nutrition and
Metabolism) questions and answers
2026
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-Dissolve in fats; resistant to heat; not often
destroyed by cooking and/or food processing. Includes Vitamins A, D, E and K.
Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant necessary for synthesis of visual
pigments, mucoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides; for normal development of bones
and teeth; and for maintenance of epithelial cells.
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER-Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
promotes development of teeth and bones.
Vitamin E - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant; prevents oxidation of Vitamin A and
polyunsaturated fatty acids; my help maintain stability of cell membranes.
Vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER-Required for synthesis of prothrombin, which
functions in blood clotting.
Water-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-B Vitamins and Vitamin C; Cooking and
food processing destroy some of them; B vitamins are essential for normal cellular
metabolism; most are coenzymes in metabolic reactions of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Inorganic elements that are essential in metabolism;
Obtained from plant foods or animals that have eaten plants; make up ~4% of body
weight.
Major Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur,
Sodium, Chlorine, and Magnesium.
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER-Structure of bones and teeth; essential for
neurotransmitter release, muscle fiber contraction, the cardiac action potential, and
blood coagulation; activates certain enzymes.
Phosphorus - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures of bones and teeth; component of nearly
