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BCHM 4360 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
VERIFIED COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||QUICK PASS!!!
In bacteria, DNA _______ removes the ________ supercoils and
DNA ____________ I removes the ________ supercoils. -
ANSWER-gyrase, positive, topoisomerase, negative
What are the two main classes of bacterial terminators? -
ANSWER-Intrinsic and Rho-dependent
Intrinsic, or ______, terminators end transcription in the
_______ of any other factors - ANSWER-simple, absence
What are the two main features of bacterial intrinsic
terminators? - ANSWER-1. An inverted repeat sequence that,
when transcribed, forms a step-loop in the RNA.
2. A string of 8-10 angstrom residues. This pairs with the
transcribed poly-U in the transcription bubble (a weak, unstable
structure)
The weak base pairing in the transcription bubble is thought to
_______ transcription and the RNA hairpin is thought to
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interact with the RNA Polymerase and help ____ the RNA ___
of the active site. - ANSWER-arrest, pull, out
When entering into transcription termination, a lot of ___
residues must be present to have the temperature high
enough. - ANSWER-G-C
In bacteria, certain genes need the ___ protein to terminate
transcription. - ANSWER-Rho
True or False: Rho-dependent genes have the hairpin and poly-
A structures that are found in intrinsic terminators. - ANSWER-
False, rho-dependent genes do not have these structures
Rho is a _________ ATP-ase with a ____ structure. It binds to
______ areas of RNA - ANSWER-hexameric, ring, C-rich
In eukaryotes, intrinsic terminator sites are recognized by
which RNA Polymerase? - ANSWER-Pol III
Eukaryotic intrinsic terminators have a stretch of which
nucleotide? Also what is the function of this? - ANSWER-As,
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which is thought to destabilize the DNA-RNA hybrid the same
way as bacterial intrinsic terminators
Termination for which RNA Polymerase requires additional
proteins? What are these proteins in yeast and mice? -
ANSWER-Pol I, DNA binding proteins such as Reb1p in yeast and
TTF1 in mice
True or False: RNA Pol II continues to transcribe after the
polyadenylation signal, but the mRNA is cleaved at the poly(A)
signal and the 3' end of the mRNA is processed. - ANSWER-True
What are the two main models of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II? - ANSWER-allosteric and torpedo
Describe the allosteric model of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II. - ANSWER-1. RNA Pol II transcribes through the
polyA and 3' processing signals
2. RNA processing proteins associate with the processing
signals and the CTD
3. Cleavage or recognition of processing proteins causes
conformation changes that lead to dissociation of Pol II from
DNA
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True or False: The polyA tail is a timing mechanism, so the
longer the tail is, the shorter the transcript is going to be
around to get translated. - ANSWER-False, the longer the tail is,
the longer the transcript is going to be around to get translated
Describe the torpedo model of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II. - ANSWER-1. After cleavage, the RNA downstream of
the polyA site is digested by a 5' to 3' endonuclease
2. This endonuclease is the torpedo. It continues to degrade the
nascent RNA until it runs into the RNA Polymerase
3. This disrupts polymerization and causes the enzyme to
dissociate from the DNA.
What did Pugh and Rhee do? - ANSWER-Used a ChIP-exo
technique to find out how eukaryotic transcription is initiated
from promoters without TATA boxes. They mapped the
occupancy of general transcription factors and RNA Polymerase
II in yeast.
What was the main conclusion from the research done by Pugh
and Rhee? - ANSWER-Showed that all promoters in yeast has a
TATA or TATA-like sequence where TBP could bind and
promote initiation.
BCHM 4360 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
VERIFIED COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||QUICK PASS!!!
In bacteria, DNA _______ removes the ________ supercoils and
DNA ____________ I removes the ________ supercoils. -
ANSWER-gyrase, positive, topoisomerase, negative
What are the two main classes of bacterial terminators? -
ANSWER-Intrinsic and Rho-dependent
Intrinsic, or ______, terminators end transcription in the
_______ of any other factors - ANSWER-simple, absence
What are the two main features of bacterial intrinsic
terminators? - ANSWER-1. An inverted repeat sequence that,
when transcribed, forms a step-loop in the RNA.
2. A string of 8-10 angstrom residues. This pairs with the
transcribed poly-U in the transcription bubble (a weak, unstable
structure)
The weak base pairing in the transcription bubble is thought to
_______ transcription and the RNA hairpin is thought to
,2|Page
interact with the RNA Polymerase and help ____ the RNA ___
of the active site. - ANSWER-arrest, pull, out
When entering into transcription termination, a lot of ___
residues must be present to have the temperature high
enough. - ANSWER-G-C
In bacteria, certain genes need the ___ protein to terminate
transcription. - ANSWER-Rho
True or False: Rho-dependent genes have the hairpin and poly-
A structures that are found in intrinsic terminators. - ANSWER-
False, rho-dependent genes do not have these structures
Rho is a _________ ATP-ase with a ____ structure. It binds to
______ areas of RNA - ANSWER-hexameric, ring, C-rich
In eukaryotes, intrinsic terminator sites are recognized by
which RNA Polymerase? - ANSWER-Pol III
Eukaryotic intrinsic terminators have a stretch of which
nucleotide? Also what is the function of this? - ANSWER-As,
,3|Page
which is thought to destabilize the DNA-RNA hybrid the same
way as bacterial intrinsic terminators
Termination for which RNA Polymerase requires additional
proteins? What are these proteins in yeast and mice? -
ANSWER-Pol I, DNA binding proteins such as Reb1p in yeast and
TTF1 in mice
True or False: RNA Pol II continues to transcribe after the
polyadenylation signal, but the mRNA is cleaved at the poly(A)
signal and the 3' end of the mRNA is processed. - ANSWER-True
What are the two main models of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II? - ANSWER-allosteric and torpedo
Describe the allosteric model of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II. - ANSWER-1. RNA Pol II transcribes through the
polyA and 3' processing signals
2. RNA processing proteins associate with the processing
signals and the CTD
3. Cleavage or recognition of processing proteins causes
conformation changes that lead to dissociation of Pol II from
DNA
, 4|Page
True or False: The polyA tail is a timing mechanism, so the
longer the tail is, the shorter the transcript is going to be
around to get translated. - ANSWER-False, the longer the tail is,
the longer the transcript is going to be around to get translated
Describe the torpedo model of transcription termination by
RNA Pol II. - ANSWER-1. After cleavage, the RNA downstream of
the polyA site is digested by a 5' to 3' endonuclease
2. This endonuclease is the torpedo. It continues to degrade the
nascent RNA until it runs into the RNA Polymerase
3. This disrupts polymerization and causes the enzyme to
dissociate from the DNA.
What did Pugh and Rhee do? - ANSWER-Used a ChIP-exo
technique to find out how eukaryotic transcription is initiated
from promoters without TATA boxes. They mapped the
occupancy of general transcription factors and RNA Polymerase
II in yeast.
What was the main conclusion from the research done by Pugh
and Rhee? - ANSWER-Showed that all promoters in yeast has a
TATA or TATA-like sequence where TBP could bind and
promote initiation.
