1|Page
BCHM 4360 EXAM 1 NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
VERIFIED COMPLETE 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE
PASS!!!
How were histone modifications mapped to the human
genome? - ANSWER-Using a nuclease technique with
antibodies that are highly specific for different histone
modifications
How did Clarke and Carbon determine the molecular structure
for centromeres? - ANSWER-Regions of DNA from chromosome
III were transferred into the ARS plasmid and examined for
segregation into daughter cells after division. Chromosome
walking was used to isolate overlapping regions of the
centromeric region for insertion into the plasmid. Regions were
narrowed down to a 1.6kb region that conferred segregation.
The identified centromeric piece of DNA also conferred meiotic
stability. Yeast cells containing the plasmid were able to survive
without histidine due to the presence of a histidine gene on the
plasmid.
Define DNA replication. - ANSWER-The complete, faithful
copying of the DNA comprising the cell's chromosomes.
,2|Page
What does semi-conservative mean? - ANSWER-Each strand of
the parental double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a
new daughter strand, resulting in two copies each comprised of
one parent and one daughter strand.
True or False: Replication moves away from the origin in both
directions, forming a replication bubble. - ANSWER-True
Which direction does DNA synthesis on each strand occur
during replication? - ANSWER-5' - 3'
Replication is continuous on the _______ strand but
discontinuous on the _______ strand. - ANSWER-leading,
lagging
What are the three phases of DNA replication? - ANSWER-
initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication begin? What is first step? - ANSWER-
The origin of replication is recognized by an intiator protein that
opens up the double helix and recruits helicases.
,3|Page
What do DNA helicases do? - ANSWER-unwind the helix to
expose ssDNA
What do ssDNA-binding proteins do? - ANSWER-coat the ssDNA
that is opened up via helicase to prevent anything besides
replication from occurring
True or False: Initiation is controlled to occur only once per cell
cycle. Multiple initiations typically result in problems. -
ANSWER-True
DNA synthesis needs a ______. It can only add nucleotides to
the existing __ ________ group. - ANSWER-primer, 3' hydroxyl
The primer required for DNA synthesis is a short ___ strand
synthesized by _______. - ANSWER-RNA, primase
What must happen to the nucleosomes before DNA replication
can even be initiated? - ANSWER-Nucleosome remodeling
enzymes must be used to move the nucleosomes out of the
way
, 4|Page
Why is the sliding clamp required for DNA replication? -
ANSWER-Without the clamp, the DNA Polymerase could fall off
before it finishes transcribing (every 10,000 bases or so)
When is the sliding clamp recruited for DNA replication? -
ANSWER-directly after the RNA primer is synthesized
What two components are necessary for DNA Polymerase to be
associated with DNA? - ANSWER-the clamp loader and the
sliding clamp
The clamp loader uses ___ hydrolysis to _______ clamp, ____
DNA, and then _____ the clamp again. - ANSWER-ATP, reshape,
bind, close
The DNA clamp is not necessary for high _________ but it is
necessary for high _____________. - ANSWER-fidelity,
processivity
What are the three ways that termination occurs in DNA
replication? - ANSWER-Different forks meet, fork reache the
end of a linear chromosome, or polymerase meets the
previously replicated strand
BCHM 4360 EXAM 1 NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
VERIFIED COMPLETE 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE
PASS!!!
How were histone modifications mapped to the human
genome? - ANSWER-Using a nuclease technique with
antibodies that are highly specific for different histone
modifications
How did Clarke and Carbon determine the molecular structure
for centromeres? - ANSWER-Regions of DNA from chromosome
III were transferred into the ARS plasmid and examined for
segregation into daughter cells after division. Chromosome
walking was used to isolate overlapping regions of the
centromeric region for insertion into the plasmid. Regions were
narrowed down to a 1.6kb region that conferred segregation.
The identified centromeric piece of DNA also conferred meiotic
stability. Yeast cells containing the plasmid were able to survive
without histidine due to the presence of a histidine gene on the
plasmid.
Define DNA replication. - ANSWER-The complete, faithful
copying of the DNA comprising the cell's chromosomes.
,2|Page
What does semi-conservative mean? - ANSWER-Each strand of
the parental double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a
new daughter strand, resulting in two copies each comprised of
one parent and one daughter strand.
True or False: Replication moves away from the origin in both
directions, forming a replication bubble. - ANSWER-True
Which direction does DNA synthesis on each strand occur
during replication? - ANSWER-5' - 3'
Replication is continuous on the _______ strand but
discontinuous on the _______ strand. - ANSWER-leading,
lagging
What are the three phases of DNA replication? - ANSWER-
initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication begin? What is first step? - ANSWER-
The origin of replication is recognized by an intiator protein that
opens up the double helix and recruits helicases.
,3|Page
What do DNA helicases do? - ANSWER-unwind the helix to
expose ssDNA
What do ssDNA-binding proteins do? - ANSWER-coat the ssDNA
that is opened up via helicase to prevent anything besides
replication from occurring
True or False: Initiation is controlled to occur only once per cell
cycle. Multiple initiations typically result in problems. -
ANSWER-True
DNA synthesis needs a ______. It can only add nucleotides to
the existing __ ________ group. - ANSWER-primer, 3' hydroxyl
The primer required for DNA synthesis is a short ___ strand
synthesized by _______. - ANSWER-RNA, primase
What must happen to the nucleosomes before DNA replication
can even be initiated? - ANSWER-Nucleosome remodeling
enzymes must be used to move the nucleosomes out of the
way
, 4|Page
Why is the sliding clamp required for DNA replication? -
ANSWER-Without the clamp, the DNA Polymerase could fall off
before it finishes transcribing (every 10,000 bases or so)
When is the sliding clamp recruited for DNA replication? -
ANSWER-directly after the RNA primer is synthesized
What two components are necessary for DNA Polymerase to be
associated with DNA? - ANSWER-the clamp loader and the
sliding clamp
The clamp loader uses ___ hydrolysis to _______ clamp, ____
DNA, and then _____ the clamp again. - ANSWER-ATP, reshape,
bind, close
The DNA clamp is not necessary for high _________ but it is
necessary for high _____________. - ANSWER-fidelity,
processivity
What are the three ways that termination occurs in DNA
replication? - ANSWER-Different forks meet, fork reache the
end of a linear chromosome, or polymerase meets the
previously replicated strand
