IFSTA Hazmat 6th Edition
Chapters 4 and 5
Study Guide
2026/2027
Complete Questions Bank and Correct
Detailed Answers with Rationales |
100% Guaranteed Pass | New Version
,Solids - Micrometer is the unit of measure typically used to express particle size
- Larger particles usually settle out of the air quickly while smaller particles may
remain suspended in air longer
- Solids such as dry ice, elemental iodine, and naphthalene may sublimate,
which presents the same concerns as liquids that emit vapors
Change of state - Melting: The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state
at normal atmospheric pressure
- Freezing: The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal
atmospheric pressure
- Vaporization: The process by which a liquid becomes a gas at normal
atmospheric pressure
- Condensation: The process by which a vapor in the air is changed into a liquid
- Sublimation: Change directly from a solid into a gas without going into a
liquid state
- Deposition: Change directly from a vapor to a solid without going into a liquid
state
Pressure - The force per unit of area applied perpendicular to a surface
- Atmospheric pressure is the baseline measurement for pressure
- At standard temperature and atmospheric pressure, gases remain calm and
move very little
Vapor pressure - Exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container
- The pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by a liquid
- Vapor pressure may use any of the following units:
- PSI
- kPa
- Bars
- mmHg
- Atmospheres
- hPa
- Torr
- Materials with a vapor pressure above 760 mmHg will be gases under normal
conditions
- Vapor pressure measurements are based on a standard temperature of 68
degrees F and at 1 atmosphere
- The higher the temperature, the higher the vapor pressure
- The lower the boiling point, the higher the vapor pressure
Boiling point - The temperature at which liquids change to gas at a given pressure
- Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire
hazards
, Specific gravity - The ratio of the density of a material to the density of a standard material,
usually an equal volume of water, at standard conditions of pressure and
temperature
- If a volume of a material weights 8 pounds, and an equal volume of water
weighs 10 pounds, the material is said to have a specific gravity of 0.8
- Solubility plays an important role in specific gravity, as highly soluble
materials will mix or dissolve in water, rather than sinking or floating according
to their specific gravities
- Most (not all) flammable liquids have specific gravities less than one and will
float on water
Molecular weight - Used to determine vapor density
- Air has a molecular weight of 29 g/mol
- Vapor density is the molecular weight of a given material divided by the
weight of air
Vapor density - The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of
an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
- Lighter than air gases include:
- Hydrogen
- HCN
- Helium
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Methane
- Ethylene
- Diborane
- Illuminating gases
- Carbon monoxide
- Acetylene
- Nitrogen
- Neon
- Ammonia
- Vapor density varies with the temperature of the vapor or gas
Persistence and viscosity - The persistence of a chemical is its ability to remain in the environment when
unconfined
- Related to vapor pressure and boiling point
- A material with a low vapor pressure and high boiling point will not vaporize
readily
- Persistence is not typically referenced on an SDS
- Viscosity is the measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given
temperature
- Greatly affected by temperature
Appearance and odor An SDS typically contains a description of the material's appearance and odor
Chapters 4 and 5
Study Guide
2026/2027
Complete Questions Bank and Correct
Detailed Answers with Rationales |
100% Guaranteed Pass | New Version
,Solids - Micrometer is the unit of measure typically used to express particle size
- Larger particles usually settle out of the air quickly while smaller particles may
remain suspended in air longer
- Solids such as dry ice, elemental iodine, and naphthalene may sublimate,
which presents the same concerns as liquids that emit vapors
Change of state - Melting: The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state
at normal atmospheric pressure
- Freezing: The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal
atmospheric pressure
- Vaporization: The process by which a liquid becomes a gas at normal
atmospheric pressure
- Condensation: The process by which a vapor in the air is changed into a liquid
- Sublimation: Change directly from a solid into a gas without going into a
liquid state
- Deposition: Change directly from a vapor to a solid without going into a liquid
state
Pressure - The force per unit of area applied perpendicular to a surface
- Atmospheric pressure is the baseline measurement for pressure
- At standard temperature and atmospheric pressure, gases remain calm and
move very little
Vapor pressure - Exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container
- The pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by a liquid
- Vapor pressure may use any of the following units:
- PSI
- kPa
- Bars
- mmHg
- Atmospheres
- hPa
- Torr
- Materials with a vapor pressure above 760 mmHg will be gases under normal
conditions
- Vapor pressure measurements are based on a standard temperature of 68
degrees F and at 1 atmosphere
- The higher the temperature, the higher the vapor pressure
- The lower the boiling point, the higher the vapor pressure
Boiling point - The temperature at which liquids change to gas at a given pressure
- Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire
hazards
, Specific gravity - The ratio of the density of a material to the density of a standard material,
usually an equal volume of water, at standard conditions of pressure and
temperature
- If a volume of a material weights 8 pounds, and an equal volume of water
weighs 10 pounds, the material is said to have a specific gravity of 0.8
- Solubility plays an important role in specific gravity, as highly soluble
materials will mix or dissolve in water, rather than sinking or floating according
to their specific gravities
- Most (not all) flammable liquids have specific gravities less than one and will
float on water
Molecular weight - Used to determine vapor density
- Air has a molecular weight of 29 g/mol
- Vapor density is the molecular weight of a given material divided by the
weight of air
Vapor density - The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of
an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
- Lighter than air gases include:
- Hydrogen
- HCN
- Helium
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Methane
- Ethylene
- Diborane
- Illuminating gases
- Carbon monoxide
- Acetylene
- Nitrogen
- Neon
- Ammonia
- Vapor density varies with the temperature of the vapor or gas
Persistence and viscosity - The persistence of a chemical is its ability to remain in the environment when
unconfined
- Related to vapor pressure and boiling point
- A material with a low vapor pressure and high boiling point will not vaporize
readily
- Persistence is not typically referenced on an SDS
- Viscosity is the measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given
temperature
- Greatly affected by temperature
Appearance and odor An SDS typically contains a description of the material's appearance and odor
