AP1 CHAPTER 4 TERMS |THE SMART WAY TO PASS | REAL
TESTS, REAL RESULTS!
• Epithelial tissue Answer: also referred to as epithelium, refers to the sheets of cells that cover
exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands
• Connective tissue Answer: binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the
protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
• Muscle tissue Answer: excitable responding to simulation and contracting to provide
movement and occurs as three major types: skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth muscle, and
cardiac muscle in the heart.
• Nervous tissue Answer: excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the
form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body.
• Totipotent Answer: first embryonic cells generated have the ability to differentiate, each has
the capacity to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism
• The three major cell lineages within the embryo with its own distinct germ layer from which
all the tissues and organs of the human body eventually form Answer: Ectoderm (outer),
Mesoderm (middle), Endoderm (inner).
• Tissue membrane Answer: thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (like
the skin), the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of
the moveable joint cavities
• Two basic types of tissue membranes Answer: connective tissue and epithelial membranes
• Connective tissue membranes Answer: formed solely from connective tissue. These
membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints
• Synovial membranes Answer: type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a
freely movable joint. For example, surround the joints of the shoulder, elbow, and knee
• Epithelial membrane Answer: composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective
tissue, for example, the skin
• Mucous membrane Answer: also composite of connective and epithelial tissues. Sometimes
called mucosae. Line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external
environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts.
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, • Limina propria Answer: The underlying connective tissue. Helps support the fragile epithelial
layer.
• Serous membrane Answer: epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived
epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue. These line the cavities
that do not open to the outside
• Peritoneum Answer: serous membrane in the abdominal cavity that covers abdominal organs
and forms double sheets of mesenteries that suspend many of the digestive organs.
• Cutaneous membrane Answer: a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on tope of
connective tissue, like the skin.
• Cell junction Answer: Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between
their cell membranes
• Basal lamina Answer: mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for
the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue
• Reticular lamina Answer: the basal lamina adhesive which is secreted by the underlying
connective tissue.
• Basement membrane Answer: holds the epithelial cells fixed on the bottom
• Epithelial cell Answer: typically characterized by the polarized distribution of organelles and
membrane-bound proteins between the basal and apical surfaces.
• Cilia Answer: microscopic extensions of the apical cell membrane that are supported by
microtubules. They beat in unison and move fluid as well as trapped particles.
• Tight junction Answer: separates the cells into apical and basal compartments. No
extracellular space, movement of substances through the extracellular space is blocked.
• Anchoring junction Answer: several types of cell junctions that help stabilize epithelial
tissues. Common the lateral and basal surfaces of cells where they provide strong and flexible
connections
• 3 types of anchoring junctions Answer: Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, and Adherens
• Desmosomes Answer: occur in patches on the membranes of cells
• Hemidesmosomes Answer: which look like half a desmosome, link cells to the extracellular
matrix, for example, the basal lamina
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
TESTS, REAL RESULTS!
• Epithelial tissue Answer: also referred to as epithelium, refers to the sheets of cells that cover
exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands
• Connective tissue Answer: binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the
protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
• Muscle tissue Answer: excitable responding to simulation and contracting to provide
movement and occurs as three major types: skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth muscle, and
cardiac muscle in the heart.
• Nervous tissue Answer: excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the
form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body.
• Totipotent Answer: first embryonic cells generated have the ability to differentiate, each has
the capacity to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism
• The three major cell lineages within the embryo with its own distinct germ layer from which
all the tissues and organs of the human body eventually form Answer: Ectoderm (outer),
Mesoderm (middle), Endoderm (inner).
• Tissue membrane Answer: thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (like
the skin), the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of
the moveable joint cavities
• Two basic types of tissue membranes Answer: connective tissue and epithelial membranes
• Connective tissue membranes Answer: formed solely from connective tissue. These
membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints
• Synovial membranes Answer: type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a
freely movable joint. For example, surround the joints of the shoulder, elbow, and knee
• Epithelial membrane Answer: composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective
tissue, for example, the skin
• Mucous membrane Answer: also composite of connective and epithelial tissues. Sometimes
called mucosae. Line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external
environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, • Limina propria Answer: The underlying connective tissue. Helps support the fragile epithelial
layer.
• Serous membrane Answer: epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived
epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue. These line the cavities
that do not open to the outside
• Peritoneum Answer: serous membrane in the abdominal cavity that covers abdominal organs
and forms double sheets of mesenteries that suspend many of the digestive organs.
• Cutaneous membrane Answer: a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on tope of
connective tissue, like the skin.
• Cell junction Answer: Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between
their cell membranes
• Basal lamina Answer: mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for
the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue
• Reticular lamina Answer: the basal lamina adhesive which is secreted by the underlying
connective tissue.
• Basement membrane Answer: holds the epithelial cells fixed on the bottom
• Epithelial cell Answer: typically characterized by the polarized distribution of organelles and
membrane-bound proteins between the basal and apical surfaces.
• Cilia Answer: microscopic extensions of the apical cell membrane that are supported by
microtubules. They beat in unison and move fluid as well as trapped particles.
• Tight junction Answer: separates the cells into apical and basal compartments. No
extracellular space, movement of substances through the extracellular space is blocked.
• Anchoring junction Answer: several types of cell junctions that help stabilize epithelial
tissues. Common the lateral and basal surfaces of cells where they provide strong and flexible
connections
• 3 types of anchoring junctions Answer: Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, and Adherens
• Desmosomes Answer: occur in patches on the membranes of cells
• Hemidesmosomes Answer: which look like half a desmosome, link cells to the extracellular
matrix, for example, the basal lamina
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
