PSYC 140 MODULE 8 EXAM
1. Module Question: Compare and contrast primary and secondary aging.
*Answer√√ Pri-mary aging is biological and genetically influenced. Secondary aging is aging that is caused
by lifestyle and the environment.
Primary aging is biological aging caused by genes, this aging is unavoidable, while Secondary aging is not inevitable
and is mostly cause by our lifes choices and the environment.
2. Module question: What are some logical and scientific problems with the
"wear and tear" theory of aging?
*Answer√√ The body does an amazing job of repairing itself under normal circumstances. Also,
individuals who engage in moderate to vigorous exercise and activity are typically healthier and longer-lived
compared to more sedentary individuals.
3. Module Question: What are some current explanations for why we age
biologically?
*Answer√√ Specific genes seem to be at least partly responsible for longevity as well as the age at which
noticeable physical changes occur in aging. Other genetic theories consider cumulative ettects that damage DNA and
,therefore result in aging.
4. Module question: Describe three subtypes of neurocognitive disorders dis-
cussed in this module.
*Answer√√ Choose three of the following
-Parkinson's Disease: may cause a neurocognitive disorder. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, hallucinations,
and personality changes.
-Cognitive declines due to Vascular Disease: are due to a cerebrovascular event such as a stroke. Risk factors include
hypertension, smoking, obesity and any factors that contribute to cerebrovascular disease.
-A Traumatic brain injury: (which involves trauma to the brain from impact to the head, paired with a number
of symptoms such as loss of consciousness or amnesia) can result in cognitive impairment such as diflculty
concentrating and slowed processing.
-Substance/medication induced neurocognitive disorder: is due to usually a lifetime of heavy drug use such as alcohol
abuse. This may result in the individual having severe problems with concentrating as well as some motor problems.
-A Prion disease: is caused by transmissible agents called prions. For example, a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
is known as "mad cow disease." In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is very rare. While the precise process
,for developing a prion disease is not well understood, research indicates that transmission can occur by corneal
transplantation, injection, and possibly physical contacted with contaminated matter.
-A number of individuals with an HIV Infection have a neurocognitive disorder that is tied to this disease. Approximately
25% of individuals with HIV have symptoms for at least a mild neurocognitive disorder.
-Alzheimer's disease: (named after the discoverer, Dr. Alzheimer) is the most common type of dementia (60% of cases)
, 5. Module question: Summarize what the progression of Alzheimer's disease
often looks like, being sure to incorporate the three time points in your sum-
mary.
*Answer√√ Early stages: problems with declarative memory and language. Social activities, daily activities, and
mood may be attected. Middle stages: progressive memory deterioration and problems with common words and
names. Problems with self-care. May have spatial reasoning diflculties and may be unaware of the
year/month/current location. Final stages: completely unable to care for self.
6. Module question: Your grandmother is concerned that she might have
Alzheimer's disease. What is your response to her based on the 10 warning
signs of Alzheimer's disease linked in this module?
*Answer√√ I would tell my grandma that it's natural to worry about Alzheimer's, I would also reassure
her that memory changes are common with aging, but it's important to distinguish between typical age-related
changes and those that might signal something more serious, like Alzheimer's. For example, while it's normal to
occasionally forget names or appointments and later remember them, persistent memory loss that disrupts daily
life—such as forgetting recently learned information or asking the same questions repeatedly—could be a sign of
1. Module Question: Compare and contrast primary and secondary aging.
*Answer√√ Pri-mary aging is biological and genetically influenced. Secondary aging is aging that is caused
by lifestyle and the environment.
Primary aging is biological aging caused by genes, this aging is unavoidable, while Secondary aging is not inevitable
and is mostly cause by our lifes choices and the environment.
2. Module question: What are some logical and scientific problems with the
"wear and tear" theory of aging?
*Answer√√ The body does an amazing job of repairing itself under normal circumstances. Also,
individuals who engage in moderate to vigorous exercise and activity are typically healthier and longer-lived
compared to more sedentary individuals.
3. Module Question: What are some current explanations for why we age
biologically?
*Answer√√ Specific genes seem to be at least partly responsible for longevity as well as the age at which
noticeable physical changes occur in aging. Other genetic theories consider cumulative ettects that damage DNA and
,therefore result in aging.
4. Module question: Describe three subtypes of neurocognitive disorders dis-
cussed in this module.
*Answer√√ Choose three of the following
-Parkinson's Disease: may cause a neurocognitive disorder. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, hallucinations,
and personality changes.
-Cognitive declines due to Vascular Disease: are due to a cerebrovascular event such as a stroke. Risk factors include
hypertension, smoking, obesity and any factors that contribute to cerebrovascular disease.
-A Traumatic brain injury: (which involves trauma to the brain from impact to the head, paired with a number
of symptoms such as loss of consciousness or amnesia) can result in cognitive impairment such as diflculty
concentrating and slowed processing.
-Substance/medication induced neurocognitive disorder: is due to usually a lifetime of heavy drug use such as alcohol
abuse. This may result in the individual having severe problems with concentrating as well as some motor problems.
-A Prion disease: is caused by transmissible agents called prions. For example, a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
is known as "mad cow disease." In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is very rare. While the precise process
,for developing a prion disease is not well understood, research indicates that transmission can occur by corneal
transplantation, injection, and possibly physical contacted with contaminated matter.
-A number of individuals with an HIV Infection have a neurocognitive disorder that is tied to this disease. Approximately
25% of individuals with HIV have symptoms for at least a mild neurocognitive disorder.
-Alzheimer's disease: (named after the discoverer, Dr. Alzheimer) is the most common type of dementia (60% of cases)
, 5. Module question: Summarize what the progression of Alzheimer's disease
often looks like, being sure to incorporate the three time points in your sum-
mary.
*Answer√√ Early stages: problems with declarative memory and language. Social activities, daily activities, and
mood may be attected. Middle stages: progressive memory deterioration and problems with common words and
names. Problems with self-care. May have spatial reasoning diflculties and may be unaware of the
year/month/current location. Final stages: completely unable to care for self.
6. Module question: Your grandmother is concerned that she might have
Alzheimer's disease. What is your response to her based on the 10 warning
signs of Alzheimer's disease linked in this module?
*Answer√√ I would tell my grandma that it's natural to worry about Alzheimer's, I would also reassure
her that memory changes are common with aging, but it's important to distinguish between typical age-related
changes and those that might signal something more serious, like Alzheimer's. For example, while it's normal to
occasionally forget names or appointments and later remember them, persistent memory loss that disrupts daily
life—such as forgetting recently learned information or asking the same questions repeatedly—could be a sign of
