WGU C952
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
1. Register File A state element that consists of a set of registers that can be read and written by
supplying a register number to be accessed.
provides 1024 scalar 32-bit registers for up to 64 threads.
2. machine lan- The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the
guage computer
3. system software The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices and application
software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs.
4. operating system (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs
and may provide various services
5. Assembly Lan- Programming language that has the same structure and set of commands as
guage machine languages but allows programmers to use symbolic representations of
numeric machine code.
6. IBM 360/91 Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic detection of memory hazards,
generalized forwarding, and reservation stations. Tomasulo's algorithm
The internal organization of the 360/91 shares many features with the Pentium
III and Pentium 4, as well as with several other microprocessors. One major
difference was that there was no branch prediction in the 360/91 and hence no
speculation. Another major difference was that there was no commit unit, so once
the instructions finished execution, they updated the registers.
7. Dynamic Ran- Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to any location.
dom Access Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Memory (DRAM)
Multiple DRAMs are used together to contain the instructions and data of a
program. In contrast to sequential access memories, such as magnetic tapes, the
RAM portion of the term DRAM means that memory accesses take basically the
same amount of time no matter what portion of the memory is read.
, WGU C952
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
Modern DRAMS consist of rows in each bank
8. frame buffering A portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is a memory
buffer containing a complete frame of data.
The image to be represented onscreen is stored in the frame buffer, and the
bit pattern per pixel is read out to the graphics display at the refresh rate. The
animation below shows a frame buffer with a simplified design of just 4 bits per
pixel.
9. Datapath The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations
10. Control The component of the processor that commands the datapath, memory, and I/O
devices according to the instructions of the program.
11. Integrated circuit Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of transistors.
12. Central proces- Also called processor. The active part of the computer, which contains the datapath
sor unit (CPU) and control and which adds numbers, tests numbers, signals I/O devices to
activate, and so on.
13. Static random Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense than DRAM.
access memory
(SRAM)
14. Instruction set Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the hardware and the
architecture lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a
machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, regis-
ters, memory access, I/O, and so on.
15. Application bina- The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system interfaces used
ry interface (ABI) by application programmers. It defines a standard for binary portability across
computers.
, WGU C952
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
16. Volatile memory Storage, such as DRAM, that retains data only if it is receiving power.
17. Nonvolatile A form of memory that retains data even in the absence of a power source and
Memory that is used to store programs between runs. A DVD disk is nonvolatile.
18. Magnetic disk Also called hard disk. A form of nonvolatile secondary memory composed of
rotating platters coated with a magnetic recording material. Because they are
rotating mechanical devices, access times are about 5 to 20 milliseconds and cost
per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.05 to $0.10
19. Main memory Also called primary memory. Memory used to hold programs while they are
running; typically consists of DRAM in today's computers.
20. Secondary mem- Nonvolatile memory used to store programs and data between runs; typically
ory consists of flash memory in PMDs and magnetic disks in servers.
21. Flash memory A nonvolatile semiconductor memory. It is cheaper and slower than DRAM but
more expensive per bit and faster than magnetic disks. Access times are about 5
to 50 microseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.75 to $1.00.
22. Single Instruc- A uniprocessor
tion Single Data
(SISD)
23. Multiple Instruc- A multiprocessor.
tion Multiple
Data (MIMD)
24. Single Program, The conventional MIMD programming model, where a single program runs
Multiple Data across all processors.
Streams (SPMD)
25. Single Instruc- The same instruction is applied to many data streams, as in a vector processor.
tion Stream,
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
1. Register File A state element that consists of a set of registers that can be read and written by
supplying a register number to be accessed.
provides 1024 scalar 32-bit registers for up to 64 threads.
2. machine lan- The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the
guage computer
3. system software The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices and application
software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs.
4. operating system (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs
and may provide various services
5. Assembly Lan- Programming language that has the same structure and set of commands as
guage machine languages but allows programmers to use symbolic representations of
numeric machine code.
6. IBM 360/91 Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic detection of memory hazards,
generalized forwarding, and reservation stations. Tomasulo's algorithm
The internal organization of the 360/91 shares many features with the Pentium
III and Pentium 4, as well as with several other microprocessors. One major
difference was that there was no branch prediction in the 360/91 and hence no
speculation. Another major difference was that there was no commit unit, so once
the instructions finished execution, they updated the registers.
7. Dynamic Ran- Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to any location.
dom Access Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Memory (DRAM)
Multiple DRAMs are used together to contain the instructions and data of a
program. In contrast to sequential access memories, such as magnetic tapes, the
RAM portion of the term DRAM means that memory accesses take basically the
same amount of time no matter what portion of the memory is read.
, WGU C952
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
Modern DRAMS consist of rows in each bank
8. frame buffering A portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is a memory
buffer containing a complete frame of data.
The image to be represented onscreen is stored in the frame buffer, and the
bit pattern per pixel is read out to the graphics display at the refresh rate. The
animation below shows a frame buffer with a simplified design of just 4 bits per
pixel.
9. Datapath The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations
10. Control The component of the processor that commands the datapath, memory, and I/O
devices according to the instructions of the program.
11. Integrated circuit Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of transistors.
12. Central proces- Also called processor. The active part of the computer, which contains the datapath
sor unit (CPU) and control and which adds numbers, tests numbers, signals I/O devices to
activate, and so on.
13. Static random Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense than DRAM.
access memory
(SRAM)
14. Instruction set Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the hardware and the
architecture lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a
machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, regis-
ters, memory access, I/O, and so on.
15. Application bina- The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system interfaces used
ry interface (ABI) by application programmers. It defines a standard for binary portability across
computers.
, WGU C952
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5cnosv
16. Volatile memory Storage, such as DRAM, that retains data only if it is receiving power.
17. Nonvolatile A form of memory that retains data even in the absence of a power source and
Memory that is used to store programs between runs. A DVD disk is nonvolatile.
18. Magnetic disk Also called hard disk. A form of nonvolatile secondary memory composed of
rotating platters coated with a magnetic recording material. Because they are
rotating mechanical devices, access times are about 5 to 20 milliseconds and cost
per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.05 to $0.10
19. Main memory Also called primary memory. Memory used to hold programs while they are
running; typically consists of DRAM in today's computers.
20. Secondary mem- Nonvolatile memory used to store programs and data between runs; typically
ory consists of flash memory in PMDs and magnetic disks in servers.
21. Flash memory A nonvolatile semiconductor memory. It is cheaper and slower than DRAM but
more expensive per bit and faster than magnetic disks. Access times are about 5
to 50 microseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.75 to $1.00.
22. Single Instruc- A uniprocessor
tion Single Data
(SISD)
23. Multiple Instruc- A multiprocessor.
tion Multiple
Data (MIMD)
24. Single Program, The conventional MIMD programming model, where a single program runs
Multiple Data across all processors.
Streams (SPMD)
25. Single Instruc- The same instruction is applied to many data streams, as in a vector processor.
tion Stream,
