lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
A&P II Lab 1 Notes
Human brain:
Most intelligent of all species
Quick adaptability for different circumstances
Able to execute decisions rapidly
Controls mobility and behavioral actions
Average adult brain weighs 1300-1400 grams (3lbs) male brain slightly larger
Rostral- front of brain “towards the nose in an animal”
Caudal- the back portion of brain “toward the tail in an animal” 3 Main
Divisions:
1) Cerebrum
2) Cerebellum
3) Brain Stem
● Cerebrum- makes up 84% of volume left and right cerebral hemisphere
● Gyri/Gyrus- grooves and folds of tissue
● Sulci/Sulcus- shallow grooves that separate gyri
● Central Sulcus- midline (between red and purple markings)
● Longitudinal fissure- separates brain into right and left hemisphere
● Corpus Callosum- thick bundle of nerves that connects the L and R hemisphere (base of longitudinal
fissure) 5 Anatomical Looks:
● Frontal lobe- defined by location- forehead back to central sulcus.
Consists of precentral gyrus (primary motor area of the brain in red)
Functions: Motor planning, voluntary mobility, memory, mood, aggression, judgment
● Parietal lobe- from central sulcus to parietal-occipital sulcus
Function: receiving and interpreting information regarding the general senses.
● Postcentral gyrus- in the center (dark purple and light blue)
Function: Primary sensory cortex
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
● Occipital lobe- green lobe. Function: primary visual cortex of the brain
● Temporal lobe- yellow/lateral
Function: hearing, smell, visual recognition, memory
● Insula- small mass of cortex deep to temporal lobe (pulling apart yellow from blue,
purple, red and pink) deep tissue that’s hard to test in living subjects Function: understanding
spoken language
2nd region of brain:
● Cerebellum- second largest part of the brain. 10% total brain volume but contains over 50% of brains
neurons. Functions: motor/balance, proprioceptor feedback from muscles (sensory), spatial perception,
helps to preform organizational tasks/attention to detail
ADD: smaller cerebellum
If injured/tumor, etc.: clumsy movements (ataxic movements), poor coordinated movement
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
Inferior to cerebrum “posterior cranial fossa” sagittal cutting
● Posterior cranial fossa- location of cerebellum
● Vermis- connects two hemispheres of cerebellum
● Folia- external folds/ shallow grooves
● Arbor Vitae (White Matter)- white branch-like structures seen in pointer above
3rd Region of the Brain
● Brain Stem- what is left over when the cerebrum and cerebellum are taken away
● Diencephalon- from rostral to caudal. Includes thalamus and hypothalamus
● Thalamus- sensory relay
● Hypothalamus- helps control pituitary gland (master gland of body- controls release of hormones within
pituitary
● Midbrain- midway caudaly- no known function
● Pons- more caudal. Contains nuclei that transmit signals from cerebrum to cerebellum
● Medulla Oblongata- most caudal. Connects brain to spinal cord function: regulates HR, BP and breathing
A&P II Lab 1 Notes
Human brain:
Most intelligent of all species
Quick adaptability for different circumstances
Able to execute decisions rapidly
Controls mobility and behavioral actions
Average adult brain weighs 1300-1400 grams (3lbs) male brain slightly larger
Rostral- front of brain “towards the nose in an animal”
Caudal- the back portion of brain “toward the tail in an animal” 3 Main
Divisions:
1) Cerebrum
2) Cerebellum
3) Brain Stem
● Cerebrum- makes up 84% of volume left and right cerebral hemisphere
● Gyri/Gyrus- grooves and folds of tissue
● Sulci/Sulcus- shallow grooves that separate gyri
● Central Sulcus- midline (between red and purple markings)
● Longitudinal fissure- separates brain into right and left hemisphere
● Corpus Callosum- thick bundle of nerves that connects the L and R hemisphere (base of longitudinal
fissure) 5 Anatomical Looks:
● Frontal lobe- defined by location- forehead back to central sulcus.
Consists of precentral gyrus (primary motor area of the brain in red)
Functions: Motor planning, voluntary mobility, memory, mood, aggression, judgment
● Parietal lobe- from central sulcus to parietal-occipital sulcus
Function: receiving and interpreting information regarding the general senses.
● Postcentral gyrus- in the center (dark purple and light blue)
Function: Primary sensory cortex
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
● Occipital lobe- green lobe. Function: primary visual cortex of the brain
● Temporal lobe- yellow/lateral
Function: hearing, smell, visual recognition, memory
● Insula- small mass of cortex deep to temporal lobe (pulling apart yellow from blue,
purple, red and pink) deep tissue that’s hard to test in living subjects Function: understanding
spoken language
2nd region of brain:
● Cerebellum- second largest part of the brain. 10% total brain volume but contains over 50% of brains
neurons. Functions: motor/balance, proprioceptor feedback from muscles (sensory), spatial perception,
helps to preform organizational tasks/attention to detail
ADD: smaller cerebellum
If injured/tumor, etc.: clumsy movements (ataxic movements), poor coordinated movement
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
Inferior to cerebrum “posterior cranial fossa” sagittal cutting
● Posterior cranial fossa- location of cerebellum
● Vermis- connects two hemispheres of cerebellum
● Folia- external folds/ shallow grooves
● Arbor Vitae (White Matter)- white branch-like structures seen in pointer above
3rd Region of the Brain
● Brain Stem- what is left over when the cerebrum and cerebellum are taken away
● Diencephalon- from rostral to caudal. Includes thalamus and hypothalamus
● Thalamus- sensory relay
● Hypothalamus- helps control pituitary gland (master gland of body- controls release of hormones within
pituitary
● Midbrain- midway caudaly- no known function
● Pons- more caudal. Contains nuclei that transmit signals from cerebrum to cerebellum
● Medulla Oblongata- most caudal. Connects brain to spinal cord function: regulates HR, BP and breathing
