1809NRS-Effective nursing practice
Questions Fully Solved 2026 Updated.
what is the chain of infection - Answer infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
7 principles of asepsis - Answer 1. a sterile object remains sterile only when touched by
another sterile object
2. only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
3. sterile objects or fields should be kept in view - items held below waist level are considered
unsterile
4. a sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to the air
5. when a sterile field comes into contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or
field becomes contaminated by a wicking action
6. the edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated (2.5cm border)
7. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
what are the different cultural dimensions - Answer culture - social norms, values and
behaviours, laws, social rules
subculture - religion, social class, special needs, sexuality
Individual culture - gender, education, experience, age
six drugs right - Answer right drug
right route
right time
right patient
right dose
right to refuse
modes of wound healing - Answer primary intention
delayed primary intention
secondary intention
skin grafting
flap
,Modes of transmission - Answer Airborne - trasmission via aerosols (<5m)
Droplet - via the air as small droplets or small aerosol particles (travel one meter)
Contact - Direct and indirect
direct - Physical contact between infected person
indirect - no direct human to human - contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces
or objects or eg mozzies-flies
stages of pressure injuries - Answer stage 1. persistent, non-blanchable redness, itchy, firm,
boggy, warmer or cooler to touch
stage 2. partial thickness loss of dermis,
stage 3. full thickness skin loss; subcutaneous fat may be visible, yellow slough
stage 4. full thichness tissue loss; exposed bone, tendon or muscle, yellow slough or black
necrotic tissue
types of complications with wound healing - Answer - dehiscence
- hypergranulation
- hypertrophic scars
- keloid scars
- contractures
- haemorrhage
- haematoma
- evisceration
what is the aseptic non touch technique - Answer Always decontaminate hands effectively
Never contaminate key parts of the equipment or patients susceptible site
Touch Nonkey parts of the equip with condidence
Take appropriate infection prevention and control precautions
principles of skin assessment - Answer step 1. Prepare the environment
- quiet, private room, adequate lighting
- adequate exposure to the skin
step 2. Gather relevent information
- explain what you are going to do and the purpose of assessing the skin
- obtain appropriate history
, stage 3. observe (inspect) and feel (palpate) the skin
- head to toe
- compare left with right
what to look for in skin assessment - Answer temp
tugor
texture
hair distribution
colour
nails
oedema
lesions
phases of wound healing - Answer 1. haemostasis
2. inflammation
3. proliferation or reconstruction
4. maturation or remodelling of scar tissue
alteration in urinary elimination - Answer - urinary retention
- urinary incontinence
- lower urinary tract infections
- urinary diversions
Types of medication action - Answer 1. Therapeutic effects
- expected or predicable physiological response
2. adverse effects
- unexpected effects
- allergic, toxic, idiosyncratic reactions
3. side effects
- unintended, secondary effects
4. Medication interactions
Questions Fully Solved 2026 Updated.
what is the chain of infection - Answer infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
7 principles of asepsis - Answer 1. a sterile object remains sterile only when touched by
another sterile object
2. only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
3. sterile objects or fields should be kept in view - items held below waist level are considered
unsterile
4. a sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to the air
5. when a sterile field comes into contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or
field becomes contaminated by a wicking action
6. the edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated (2.5cm border)
7. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
what are the different cultural dimensions - Answer culture - social norms, values and
behaviours, laws, social rules
subculture - religion, social class, special needs, sexuality
Individual culture - gender, education, experience, age
six drugs right - Answer right drug
right route
right time
right patient
right dose
right to refuse
modes of wound healing - Answer primary intention
delayed primary intention
secondary intention
skin grafting
flap
,Modes of transmission - Answer Airborne - trasmission via aerosols (<5m)
Droplet - via the air as small droplets or small aerosol particles (travel one meter)
Contact - Direct and indirect
direct - Physical contact between infected person
indirect - no direct human to human - contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces
or objects or eg mozzies-flies
stages of pressure injuries - Answer stage 1. persistent, non-blanchable redness, itchy, firm,
boggy, warmer or cooler to touch
stage 2. partial thickness loss of dermis,
stage 3. full thickness skin loss; subcutaneous fat may be visible, yellow slough
stage 4. full thichness tissue loss; exposed bone, tendon or muscle, yellow slough or black
necrotic tissue
types of complications with wound healing - Answer - dehiscence
- hypergranulation
- hypertrophic scars
- keloid scars
- contractures
- haemorrhage
- haematoma
- evisceration
what is the aseptic non touch technique - Answer Always decontaminate hands effectively
Never contaminate key parts of the equipment or patients susceptible site
Touch Nonkey parts of the equip with condidence
Take appropriate infection prevention and control precautions
principles of skin assessment - Answer step 1. Prepare the environment
- quiet, private room, adequate lighting
- adequate exposure to the skin
step 2. Gather relevent information
- explain what you are going to do and the purpose of assessing the skin
- obtain appropriate history
, stage 3. observe (inspect) and feel (palpate) the skin
- head to toe
- compare left with right
what to look for in skin assessment - Answer temp
tugor
texture
hair distribution
colour
nails
oedema
lesions
phases of wound healing - Answer 1. haemostasis
2. inflammation
3. proliferation or reconstruction
4. maturation or remodelling of scar tissue
alteration in urinary elimination - Answer - urinary retention
- urinary incontinence
- lower urinary tract infections
- urinary diversions
Types of medication action - Answer 1. Therapeutic effects
- expected or predicable physiological response
2. adverse effects
- unexpected effects
- allergic, toxic, idiosyncratic reactions
3. side effects
- unintended, secondary effects
4. Medication interactions
