Pathophysiology Exam 1 (units 1-4)
question with correctly answers
graded a+ for 2027
Which represents the primary function of nerve cells? a.Conductivity.
b.Secretion.
c.Reproduction.
d.Storage. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Conductivity. They conduct signals from cell to cell
Which best describes movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area
of higher solute concentration?
a. osmosis
b.diffusion
c.active transport
d.endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-osmosis
place the events that occur during an action potential in the correct order from first to last
a. potassium moves out of the cell
b.sodium-potassium pump reestablishes resting potential
c. sodium moves into the cells
d. stimulus is received - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Stimulus is received
2. sodium moves into the cell
3. potassium moves out of the cell
4. pump reestablishes resting potential
,Which is the best description of paracrine signaling in cellular communication? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Cells secrete local chemical messengers that act on different target cell types
Which is the expected change in cardiac cells in response to increase in workload? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypertrophy: increase in workload or stress. Can be pathologic (maladaptive) or
physiologic (like going to the gym)
Intracellular accumulation of which substance is an early clinical manifestation of cellular injury?
- CORRECT ANSWERS-Water
What is the best description of the cell during apoptosis
a. Increases rate of cell division
b. initiates the inflammatory response
c. undergoes programmed cell death
d. converts to different cell types - CORRECT ANSWERS-undergoes programmed cell death
What type of necrosis occurs due to protein denaturation and hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Coagulative
What type of necrosis most commonly occurs in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Liquefactive
In what type of necrosis does partially digested necrotic cells develop a cheesy appearance? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Caseous
What type of necrosis primarily occurs in the breast tissue and abdominal tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Fat
,Which statement will the nurse include to describe the acute inflammatory response to a co-
worker?
a. provides specific immune responses to antigens
b. initiates exaggerated response to self antigens
c. occurs rapidly in response to cellular injury
d. creates antibodies in response to bacterial invasion - CORRECT ANSWERS-occurs rapidly in
response to cellular injury
-inflammation is NOT specific, does NOT involve antigens or antibodies
Mast cells initiate the inflammatory response through which process? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Degranulation: release of histamine and chemotactic factors
Which cell types are the most important phagocytosis in the inflammatory process? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Neutrophils and Macrophages
Which term best describes phagocytes adhering to capillary walls? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Margination
The nurse caring for a client with an acute inflammatory processes expects to observe which
clinical manifestation at the site of injury?
Heat
Redness
Pain
Swelling
Infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Heat, redness, pain, and swelling
The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with a wound infection. The exudate is creamy, yellow,
and thick. Which is the best description of this exudate?
, Serous
Membranous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent - CORRECT ANSWERS-Purulent
Which is required for development of active immunity?
a.Exposureftofanfantigenf
b.breastfeedingf
c.immunoglobulinfinjectionf
d.antibodiesffromfmotherftoffetusf-ffCORRECTfANSWERS-Exposureftofanfantigenf
-breastfeedingfisfpassive,fmomftoffetusfisfpassive,fandfimmunoglobulinfinjectionfisfpassive
Thefnursefcaresfforfafclientfdiagnosedfwithfafhighlyfvirulentfinfection.fWhichfisfthefbestfdescriptionf
offthefinfection?
a.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofinvadefandfmultiplyf
b.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofsecreteftoxinsf
c.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofspreadffromfpersonftofperson
d.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofcausefseverefdiseasef-ffCORRECTfANSWERS-
Increasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofcausefseverefdisease
-invadefandfmultiplyfisfinfectivity
-secreteftoxinsfisftoxigenicityf
-spreadfpersonftofpersonfisfcommunicability
Whichfwillfthefnursefincludefwhenfteachingfafclientfdiagnosedfwithfviralfupperfrespiratoryfinfection
?
a.fyoufgotfthisffromfdrinkingfinfectedfwater
b.fyourfimmunefsystemfisfstrongestfatfbirth
question with correctly answers
graded a+ for 2027
Which represents the primary function of nerve cells? a.Conductivity.
b.Secretion.
c.Reproduction.
d.Storage. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Conductivity. They conduct signals from cell to cell
Which best describes movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area
of higher solute concentration?
a. osmosis
b.diffusion
c.active transport
d.endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-osmosis
place the events that occur during an action potential in the correct order from first to last
a. potassium moves out of the cell
b.sodium-potassium pump reestablishes resting potential
c. sodium moves into the cells
d. stimulus is received - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Stimulus is received
2. sodium moves into the cell
3. potassium moves out of the cell
4. pump reestablishes resting potential
,Which is the best description of paracrine signaling in cellular communication? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Cells secrete local chemical messengers that act on different target cell types
Which is the expected change in cardiac cells in response to increase in workload? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypertrophy: increase in workload or stress. Can be pathologic (maladaptive) or
physiologic (like going to the gym)
Intracellular accumulation of which substance is an early clinical manifestation of cellular injury?
- CORRECT ANSWERS-Water
What is the best description of the cell during apoptosis
a. Increases rate of cell division
b. initiates the inflammatory response
c. undergoes programmed cell death
d. converts to different cell types - CORRECT ANSWERS-undergoes programmed cell death
What type of necrosis occurs due to protein denaturation and hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Coagulative
What type of necrosis most commonly occurs in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Liquefactive
In what type of necrosis does partially digested necrotic cells develop a cheesy appearance? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Caseous
What type of necrosis primarily occurs in the breast tissue and abdominal tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Fat
,Which statement will the nurse include to describe the acute inflammatory response to a co-
worker?
a. provides specific immune responses to antigens
b. initiates exaggerated response to self antigens
c. occurs rapidly in response to cellular injury
d. creates antibodies in response to bacterial invasion - CORRECT ANSWERS-occurs rapidly in
response to cellular injury
-inflammation is NOT specific, does NOT involve antigens or antibodies
Mast cells initiate the inflammatory response through which process? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Degranulation: release of histamine and chemotactic factors
Which cell types are the most important phagocytosis in the inflammatory process? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Neutrophils and Macrophages
Which term best describes phagocytes adhering to capillary walls? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Margination
The nurse caring for a client with an acute inflammatory processes expects to observe which
clinical manifestation at the site of injury?
Heat
Redness
Pain
Swelling
Infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Heat, redness, pain, and swelling
The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with a wound infection. The exudate is creamy, yellow,
and thick. Which is the best description of this exudate?
, Serous
Membranous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent - CORRECT ANSWERS-Purulent
Which is required for development of active immunity?
a.Exposureftofanfantigenf
b.breastfeedingf
c.immunoglobulinfinjectionf
d.antibodiesffromfmotherftoffetusf-ffCORRECTfANSWERS-Exposureftofanfantigenf
-breastfeedingfisfpassive,fmomftoffetusfisfpassive,fandfimmunoglobulinfinjectionfisfpassive
Thefnursefcaresfforfafclientfdiagnosedfwithfafhighlyfvirulentfinfection.fWhichfisfthefbestfdescriptionf
offthefinfection?
a.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofinvadefandfmultiplyf
b.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofsecreteftoxinsf
c.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofspreadffromfpersonftofperson
d.fincreasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofcausefseverefdiseasef-ffCORRECTfANSWERS-
Increasedfabilityfoffthefpathogenftofcausefseverefdisease
-invadefandfmultiplyfisfinfectivity
-secreteftoxinsfisftoxigenicityf
-spreadfpersonftofpersonfisfcommunicability
Whichfwillfthefnursefincludefwhenfteachingfafclientfdiagnosedfwithfviralfupperfrespiratoryfinfection
?
a.fyoufgotfthisffromfdrinkingfinfectedfwater
b.fyourfimmunefsystemfisfstrongestfatfbirth
