FAD 3220 EXAM 1-CHAPTER 1-4 VERIFIED STUDY
GUIDE
Life span development - Answers - What is the field of study that examines patterns of
growth change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span. It uses a
scientific approach and focuses on human development
Physical Development - Answers - this examines ways in which the body's makeup
helps determine behavior.
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentalists - Answers - this requires seeking to understand how
growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior. these type
of people examine learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence.
Personality Development - Answers - this is the study of stability and change in the
characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
Social Development - Answers - is the way in which individuals interactions and
relationships with other grow and change and remain stable over the course of life.
-prenatal period(conception to birth);
-infancy and toddlerhood(birth to 3);
-the preschool period(3 to 6);
-middle childhood(6 to 11); -adolescence(11 to 20);
-young adulthood(20 to 40); -middle adulthood(40 to 65);
- late adulthood(65 to death).
These are social constructions: aka culturally derived. - Answers - What are the ranges
that life span is divided into?
-Heredity: DNA, Chromosomes, Genes
- Evniorment: Parents, Siblings, schools, neighboorhoods, communities
-Maturation: changes over time, can be innfluenced by the ones above - Answers -
What are the influences on development?
Contexts- enviornments, philosophies, institutions ( a setting that influence
development)
-Family
,-Socioeconimic status (SES)
-Gender Roles
-Culture
-ethnicity
-language
-religion
-geographic location - Answers - What are contexts of development?
-Normative Age Graded Influences
-Normative History Graded Influences - Answers - What are normative influences on
development?
-Affects the individual, like a unique circumstance
Ex.-Disease, Disability, Trauma - Answers - What are non normative influences on
development?
-How much of a person's behavior is due to genetics (nature) or due to the environment
(nurture)?
• Nature: one's abilities and characteristics are inherited and predetermined.
• Nurture: one's social and environmental influences shape their behavior.
• We should consider that these two issues are on a continuum, with each issue on one
end of the continuum. Partocular behaviors may fall somewhere between each end. -
Answers - Nature V. Nuture
Cohort - Answers - What is a group of people born at or around the same time and
place
History-Graded Influences - Answers - what are biological and environmental influences
they are associated with a particular history moment.
Age graded Influences - Answers - what are biological and environmental influences
that are similar for individuals in a particular age group regardless of when or where
they were raised.
Sociocultural-Graded influences - Answers - what are the social and cultural factors
preset at a particular time for a particular individual depending on ethnicity, social class,
and subcultural membership
Non-Normative Life events - Answers - what are specific, atypical events that occur in a
particular persons life at a time when such events don't happen to most people.
, Continuous change - Answers - what is gradual development in which achievements at
one level build on those of previous levels.
Discontinuous change - Answers - what is development occurs in distinct steps or
stages with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively
different from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period - Answers - a specific time during development when a particular event
has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally.
Sensitive periods - Answers - scientists are more likely to speak of these than critical
periods. A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain
kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always
produce irreversible consequences.
Nature - Answers - what are traits, abilities and capacities, that are inherited from ones
parents
Nurture - Answers - what are environmental influences that shape behavior
Maturation - Answers - what is the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories - Answers - what are broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of
interest
Psychodynamic perspective - Answers - the approach that states behavior is motivated
by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness
and control.
Psychoanalytic theory - Answers - the theory proposed by freud that suggests that
unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior.
ID: Pleasure Principle
EGO: Reality principle, balances id and superego
Superego: morality principle - Answers - According to Freud what are the parts of
personality?
Psychosexual Development - Answers - according to freud, a series of stages that
children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, if focused on a particular
biological function and body part.
-Oral (birth to 12 to 18 months)- like breast feeding
-Anal (12 to 18 months to 3 years) - like potty training, if not by this time then will have
problems as adult•
GUIDE
Life span development - Answers - What is the field of study that examines patterns of
growth change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span. It uses a
scientific approach and focuses on human development
Physical Development - Answers - this examines ways in which the body's makeup
helps determine behavior.
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentalists - Answers - this requires seeking to understand how
growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior. these type
of people examine learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence.
Personality Development - Answers - this is the study of stability and change in the
characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
Social Development - Answers - is the way in which individuals interactions and
relationships with other grow and change and remain stable over the course of life.
-prenatal period(conception to birth);
-infancy and toddlerhood(birth to 3);
-the preschool period(3 to 6);
-middle childhood(6 to 11); -adolescence(11 to 20);
-young adulthood(20 to 40); -middle adulthood(40 to 65);
- late adulthood(65 to death).
These are social constructions: aka culturally derived. - Answers - What are the ranges
that life span is divided into?
-Heredity: DNA, Chromosomes, Genes
- Evniorment: Parents, Siblings, schools, neighboorhoods, communities
-Maturation: changes over time, can be innfluenced by the ones above - Answers -
What are the influences on development?
Contexts- enviornments, philosophies, institutions ( a setting that influence
development)
-Family
,-Socioeconimic status (SES)
-Gender Roles
-Culture
-ethnicity
-language
-religion
-geographic location - Answers - What are contexts of development?
-Normative Age Graded Influences
-Normative History Graded Influences - Answers - What are normative influences on
development?
-Affects the individual, like a unique circumstance
Ex.-Disease, Disability, Trauma - Answers - What are non normative influences on
development?
-How much of a person's behavior is due to genetics (nature) or due to the environment
(nurture)?
• Nature: one's abilities and characteristics are inherited and predetermined.
• Nurture: one's social and environmental influences shape their behavior.
• We should consider that these two issues are on a continuum, with each issue on one
end of the continuum. Partocular behaviors may fall somewhere between each end. -
Answers - Nature V. Nuture
Cohort - Answers - What is a group of people born at or around the same time and
place
History-Graded Influences - Answers - what are biological and environmental influences
they are associated with a particular history moment.
Age graded Influences - Answers - what are biological and environmental influences
that are similar for individuals in a particular age group regardless of when or where
they were raised.
Sociocultural-Graded influences - Answers - what are the social and cultural factors
preset at a particular time for a particular individual depending on ethnicity, social class,
and subcultural membership
Non-Normative Life events - Answers - what are specific, atypical events that occur in a
particular persons life at a time when such events don't happen to most people.
, Continuous change - Answers - what is gradual development in which achievements at
one level build on those of previous levels.
Discontinuous change - Answers - what is development occurs in distinct steps or
stages with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively
different from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period - Answers - a specific time during development when a particular event
has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally.
Sensitive periods - Answers - scientists are more likely to speak of these than critical
periods. A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain
kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always
produce irreversible consequences.
Nature - Answers - what are traits, abilities and capacities, that are inherited from ones
parents
Nurture - Answers - what are environmental influences that shape behavior
Maturation - Answers - what is the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories - Answers - what are broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of
interest
Psychodynamic perspective - Answers - the approach that states behavior is motivated
by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness
and control.
Psychoanalytic theory - Answers - the theory proposed by freud that suggests that
unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior.
ID: Pleasure Principle
EGO: Reality principle, balances id and superego
Superego: morality principle - Answers - According to Freud what are the parts of
personality?
Psychosexual Development - Answers - according to freud, a series of stages that
children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, if focused on a particular
biological function and body part.
-Oral (birth to 12 to 18 months)- like breast feeding
-Anal (12 to 18 months to 3 years) - like potty training, if not by this time then will have
problems as adult•
