Microbiology Final Jersey College Questions and Answers.

Microbiology Final Jersey College Questions and Answers. (18) Symptoms of endocarditis Fever and chills, weight loss, muscle ache (18) Septicemia The toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood. (18) Microbemia In infection caused by a microorganism entering the circulatory system through lymphatic drainage. (18) Strep throat Causes a rare, inflammatory disease called rheumatic fever (18) Examples of zoonotic diseases Brucellosis, undulant fever, tularemia, rabbit fever (18) Rabbit fever caused by which bacteria? Francisella tularensis (18) Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by bacterium: Rickettsia rickettsia (18) Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by which human herpes virus? Five (18) Malaria is caused by a: Protozoan (18) How is toxoplasmosis categorized? Protozoan (18) Gangrene A complication of necrosis related to wounds (18) Zoonotic Any infectious disease or infection that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans (18) Bacteremia When bacteria are found in the blood (18) Sepsis Toxic condition caused by the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from the site of infection (18) Trypanosoma Cruzi Cause of Chagas' disease (18) Dry gangrene often occurs in persons with impaired peripheral blood flow (18) Internal gangrene (white gangrene) generally contracted after surgery or trauma (18) Wet gangrene occurs in organs lined by mucous membranes such as the mouth, lower intestinal tract, lungs, and cervix (18) Gas gangrene caused by bacteria that produce gas within the infected tissue. Toxins produced will cause necrosis; if untreated the condition is fatal. (18) Principles of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) group of febrile illnesses ranging in severity from relatively mild to life-threatening. Caused by four distinct viral families: Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Flaviviridae. All VHFs characterized by fever, overall vascular system damage, and bleeding disorders that can lead to high fever, shock, and death. Although distributed over much of the world, many VHFs are present in geographically limited areas and risk of infection is restricted to those areas. (18) Systemic Mycosis fungal infections capable of affecting all internal organs. Persons with a competent immune system may be asymptomatic or show only minor symptoms. Immune-compromised patients (including persons with HIV, cancer, or neutropenia, organ transplant recipients, patients recovering from pancreatitis or splenectomy, those with diabetes, the very old, and the very young) are at high risk for infection. Treatment may include adjusting immune-suppressing medications or administering antifungal medications. (18) Visceral leishmaniasis serious form; fatal if untreated. (18) Cutaneous leishmaniasis common form; sore forms at fly-bite site; long healing period (few months to a year). (18) Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis widespread skin lesions; difficult to treat. (18) Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis skin ulcers that spread and can cause tissue damage to the nose and mouth. (16) Who first observed microbes on the teeth? Van Leeuwenhoek (16) What causes peptic ulcers? Helicobacter pylori (16) What is another word for Bacillary dysentery? Shingellosis, transmitted by fecal-oral route (16) How many known forms of gastroenteritis is caused by E.Coli? Five (16) What causes Bacillus intoxication ? Bacillus cereus (food poisoning ) caused by prepared foods held without adequate refrigeration for several hours before serving. (16) What is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and children? Rotavirus (16) Calciviruses A group of (+)ssRNA viruses that have been isolated from birds, cats, dogs, sheep, cows, humans, and are a major cause of grastroenteritis (16) Which organism produces afloxoxin, a major carcinogenic substance, causes a fungus ball? Aspirgillus flavus (16) Where does the human pinworm, Enerterobius vermicularis live in humans? Rectum (16) Gingivitis A peridontal disease that causes inflammation of the gums. (16) What is another word for "stomach flu"? Gastroenteritis (16) Which bacteria causes botulism? Clostridium botulinum; get it from canned food with dented, puffy, or loose lids. (16) What bacteria causes Staphyloccal intoxication? Staphlococcus aureus (16) What causes "thrush"? Candida albicans (23) What is a community? A set of guilds (23) Is rhizobium a free living, and nitrogen fixing bacteria? No (23) Which gases are found in the atmosphere? Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur (23) Which zone is only found in the ocean? Abyssal Zone (23) Where are most marine microorganisms present? Littoral Zone, this is where light is present and it's the area of the shoreline. (23) What is a category A agent? Tremendous potential for adverse public health effects. Easily transmitted from person to person, high mortality rate, require special action for public health prepardness. Example: Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) (23) What is a category B agent? Vibro cholerae (23) Which is the most 6 abundant element in the universe? Carbon (23) The process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrogen Denitrification (23) What is eutrophication associated with? Phosphorus cycle (23) What is a region or regions of the earth populated by living organisms called? Biosphere (23) Physical location where organisms are found? Habitat (23) What is the conversion of carbon dioxide to organic molecules called? Carbon fixation (23) Which disease category is chlora considered? B (23) Rhizobium is involved in which gas cycle? Nitrogen (23) The US agency designated as lead agency in response to bioterrorism is? The CDC is responsible for overall public health planning, but its Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Office, the CDC is responsible for planning, improved surveillance and epidemiologic capabilities, rapid laboratory diagnostics, enhanced communication, and stockpiling of therapeutic agents. (23) Littoral Zone The first vertical zone where light first hits; where most microorganisms live; the shoreline (23) Limnetic Zone 2nd vertical zone; well lit, upper layer of water away from the shoreline (23) Profundal Zone 3rd vertical zone; Deeper water located below the limetic zone. (23) Benthic Zone 4th vertical zone; Bottom of lake, no light enters (23) Abyssal Zone Found deep in the ocean treanches (7) Decontamination Reduction or removal of unwanted chemical or biological agents (7) Which organisms has the highest resistance to most physical control methods? Bacterial endospores, Protozoan cysts (7) What is the simplest form of dry heat sterilization for metals? Direct flaming (7) What is sanitation? Process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels.Ex. cleaning glassware and tableware in restaurants . (7) How long should you boil items in water to kill most vegetative bacteria and viruses? 10 - 15 minutes (7) What is the technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other cells? Lyophilization (7) Which of the following is not a form of ionizing radiation? UV light, Gamma rays, Electron beams, X-rays. UV light (7) Which procedure is the term "zone of inhibition" used? Disk diffusion test (7) chlorine belongs to which chemical group from the periodic table? Halogens (7) Is sterilization a method for food preservation? No (7) What is the destruction of vegetative organisms by chemical or physical methods? Disinfectantion (7) What is the term used to describe an agent that causes microbial growth to come to a standstill? Microbiostatic (7) What is the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a particular liquid will be killed within 10 minutes called? Thermal death point (7) what are antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues? Antiseptics (7) what classification are agents that kill microbes? Microbicidal (7) what is decontamination? Reduction or removal of chemical or biological agents so that they no longer present a hazard. (7) what are the 2 different types of pasteurization controlled by the US Department of Agriculture? HIST and UHT (19) Pyelonephritis kidney infection that can cause permanent damage to the kidneys (19) What is the bacterium that causes UTI? E. Coli (19) How to diagnose a UTI? 2 step process: Collect a urine sample then test for antibiotic susceptibility of the organism. (19) What are preventative measures for UTI's? Urinating soon after sex, taking showers instead of baths, urination upon urge (19) Group most susceptible to recurring UTI's? Women (19) Define Cystitis? UTI involving infection of the urinary bladder (19) How to treat a UTI? Antibiotic amoxicillin (19) What are typical symptoms of a UTI? Painful and cloudy urine (19) What anatomical features in women can increase the possibility of a UTI? Shorter urethra, close proximity of the anus to the urethral opening (19) What is another name for glomerulonephritis? Brights disease (19) What organisms are usually associated with a UTI? Chlymydia and Mycoplasma from sexual activity (20) what are some bacterial infections of the female reproductive system? Vaginitis, TSS, endometritis, salpingitis (20) what are some bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for non sexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system? E-coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, staphylococcus Aurorus (20) what is the most common bacterial non sexually transmitted infection of the male reproductive system? Prostatitis (20) what best characterizes the normal flora in a healthy male reproductive system? Sterile, no normal flora