,NR224/NR 224 final Exam | Fundamentals of Nursing |
Chamberlain University | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the nursing process?
A) To provide a legal framework for documenting patient care
B) To serve as a systematic method for critical thinking and clinical decision-making
C) To establish protocols for medication administration
D) To replace the need for clinical judgment in patient care
Correct Answer: To serve as a systematic method for critical thinking and clinical decision-making
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, patient-centered framework that guides nurses in critical
thinking and clinical decision-making through the five steps of ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation. It provides an organized approach to delivering care but does not
replace clinical judgment. Documentation and medication protocols are important but secondary to the
core purpose of the nursing process.
2. What is the correct order of the steps in the nursing process?
A) Assessment → Planning → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
B) Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
C) Diagnosis → Assessment → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
D) Planning → Assessment → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
Correct Answer: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment (collecting data), Diagnosis
(identifying actual or potential health problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (performing nursing actions), and Evaluation (determining if goals were met). This order
provides a logical, systematic approach to patient-centered care.
,3. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which action represents the "Assessment" phase of
the nursing process?
A) Administering prescribed antibiotics
B) Auscultating breath sounds
C) Setting a goal for oxygen saturation above 92%
D) Documenting that the patient coughed up green sputum
Correct Answer: Auscultating breath sounds
Rationale: The Assessment phase involves collecting subjective and objective data about the patient.
Auscultating breath sounds is a data collection activity that provides objective information about the
patient's respiratory status. Administering medications represents Implementation, setting goals
represents Planning, and documentation occurs throughout the nursing process.
4. According to the QSEN competencies, which of the following emphasizes using the best available
evidence to guide patient care decisions?
A) Patient-centered care
B) Teamwork and collaboration
C) Evidence-based practice
D) Safety
Correct Answer: Evidence-based practice
Rationale: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a QSEN competency that involves integrating the best
current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide clinical decisions.
Patient-centered care focuses on the patient's values and needs, teamwork involves interprofessional
collaboration, and safety focuses on minimizing harm.
5. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A) Administering insulin to a patient with diabetes
B) Performing a mammogram for breast cancer screening
C) Administering immunizations to a healthy child
, D) Providing rehabilitation after a stroke
Correct Answer: Administering immunizations to a healthy child
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs through measures such as
immunizations, health education, and lifestyle modifications. Secondary prevention involves early
detection through screenings like mammograms. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and
managing established disease, such as administering insulin or providing stroke rehabilitation.
6. A nurse formulates the diagnosis "Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility as evidenced by Stage
II pressure injury on the sacrum." This is an example of which type of nursing diagnosis?
A) Risk diagnosis
B) Health promotion diagnosis
C) Actual diagnosis
D) Syndrome diagnosis
Correct Answer: Actual diagnosis
Rationale: An actual nursing diagnosis describes a problem that is currently present and is supported by
defining characteristics, indicated by the "as evidenced by" statement. Risk diagnoses describe problems
that may develop, health promotion diagnoses focus on readiness to improve well-being, and syndrome
diagnoses describe a cluster of actual or risk diagnoses.
7. What is the primary function of the "Evaluation" step in the nursing process?
A) To collect initial data about the patient's condition
B) To identify actual or potential health problems
C) To determine whether patient goals have been met
D) To implement nursing interventions
Correct Answer: To determine whether patient goals have been met
Chamberlain University | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the nursing process?
A) To provide a legal framework for documenting patient care
B) To serve as a systematic method for critical thinking and clinical decision-making
C) To establish protocols for medication administration
D) To replace the need for clinical judgment in patient care
Correct Answer: To serve as a systematic method for critical thinking and clinical decision-making
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, patient-centered framework that guides nurses in critical
thinking and clinical decision-making through the five steps of ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation. It provides an organized approach to delivering care but does not
replace clinical judgment. Documentation and medication protocols are important but secondary to the
core purpose of the nursing process.
2. What is the correct order of the steps in the nursing process?
A) Assessment → Planning → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
B) Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
C) Diagnosis → Assessment → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
D) Planning → Assessment → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
Correct Answer: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment (collecting data), Diagnosis
(identifying actual or potential health problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (performing nursing actions), and Evaluation (determining if goals were met). This order
provides a logical, systematic approach to patient-centered care.
,3. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which action represents the "Assessment" phase of
the nursing process?
A) Administering prescribed antibiotics
B) Auscultating breath sounds
C) Setting a goal for oxygen saturation above 92%
D) Documenting that the patient coughed up green sputum
Correct Answer: Auscultating breath sounds
Rationale: The Assessment phase involves collecting subjective and objective data about the patient.
Auscultating breath sounds is a data collection activity that provides objective information about the
patient's respiratory status. Administering medications represents Implementation, setting goals
represents Planning, and documentation occurs throughout the nursing process.
4. According to the QSEN competencies, which of the following emphasizes using the best available
evidence to guide patient care decisions?
A) Patient-centered care
B) Teamwork and collaboration
C) Evidence-based practice
D) Safety
Correct Answer: Evidence-based practice
Rationale: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a QSEN competency that involves integrating the best
current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide clinical decisions.
Patient-centered care focuses on the patient's values and needs, teamwork involves interprofessional
collaboration, and safety focuses on minimizing harm.
5. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A) Administering insulin to a patient with diabetes
B) Performing a mammogram for breast cancer screening
C) Administering immunizations to a healthy child
, D) Providing rehabilitation after a stroke
Correct Answer: Administering immunizations to a healthy child
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs through measures such as
immunizations, health education, and lifestyle modifications. Secondary prevention involves early
detection through screenings like mammograms. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and
managing established disease, such as administering insulin or providing stroke rehabilitation.
6. A nurse formulates the diagnosis "Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility as evidenced by Stage
II pressure injury on the sacrum." This is an example of which type of nursing diagnosis?
A) Risk diagnosis
B) Health promotion diagnosis
C) Actual diagnosis
D) Syndrome diagnosis
Correct Answer: Actual diagnosis
Rationale: An actual nursing diagnosis describes a problem that is currently present and is supported by
defining characteristics, indicated by the "as evidenced by" statement. Risk diagnoses describe problems
that may develop, health promotion diagnoses focus on readiness to improve well-being, and syndrome
diagnoses describe a cluster of actual or risk diagnoses.
7. What is the primary function of the "Evaluation" step in the nursing process?
A) To collect initial data about the patient's condition
B) To identify actual or potential health problems
C) To determine whether patient goals have been met
D) To implement nursing interventions
Correct Answer: To determine whether patient goals have been met
