EXPLORING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY, CHAPTER 10
CARDIOVASCULAR, IMMUNE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
AND BLOOD|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100%
ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | ACE EVERY TEST |
GUARANTEED EXCELLENCE.
heart Answer: muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and
between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body.
tricuspid valve Answer: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. One of the
two atrioventricular valves. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.
mitral valve Answer: located between the left atrium and left ventricle. One of the two
atrioventricular valves. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.
semilunar valves Answer: pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta
pericardium Answer: two-layer sac consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous
layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. This layer also
covers the heart and is called the epicardium.
epicardium Answer: layer that covers the heart. Part of a layer of the pericardium.
myocardium Answer: middle, thick, muscular layer
endocardium Answer: inner lining of the heart
blood vessels Answer: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
arteries Answer: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the
exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body
cells. The pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from
the heart to the lungs
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,arterioles Answer: smallest arteries
aorta Answer: largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending
through the thorax and abdomen
veins Answer: blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of
the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The
pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
venules Answer: smallest veins
venae cavae Answer: largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carries blood to the
heart from the body parts below the diaphragm, and the superior vena cava returns the blood to
the heart from the upper part of the body
capillaries Answer: microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules. Materials
are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls
blood Answer: composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes,
and thrombocytes
plasma Answer: clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended.
Plasma is approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood
vollume
erythrocytes Answer: red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow
leukocytes Answer: white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation.
There are five types of white blood cells
platelets Answer: one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the
clothing process
serum Answer: clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
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, lymph Answer: transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is
called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to
the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma
lymphatic vessels Answer: similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body
tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries
spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubes that eventually become ducts in the
chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest,
where lymph enters through veins into the circulatory system
lymph nodes Answer: small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be
singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to
keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also
produce lymphocytes
spleen Answer: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the
diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather
than lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The
spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells
thymus gland Answer: one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the
ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the
development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around
puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue
angi/o Answer: vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
aort/o Answer: aorta
arteri/o Answer: artery
atri/o Answer: atrium
cardi/o Answer: heart
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
CARDIOVASCULAR, IMMUNE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
AND BLOOD|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100%
ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | ACE EVERY TEST |
GUARANTEED EXCELLENCE.
heart Answer: muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and
between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body.
tricuspid valve Answer: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. One of the
two atrioventricular valves. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.
mitral valve Answer: located between the left atrium and left ventricle. One of the two
atrioventricular valves. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.
semilunar valves Answer: pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta
pericardium Answer: two-layer sac consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous
layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. This layer also
covers the heart and is called the epicardium.
epicardium Answer: layer that covers the heart. Part of a layer of the pericardium.
myocardium Answer: middle, thick, muscular layer
endocardium Answer: inner lining of the heart
blood vessels Answer: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
arteries Answer: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the
exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body
cells. The pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from
the heart to the lungs
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,arterioles Answer: smallest arteries
aorta Answer: largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending
through the thorax and abdomen
veins Answer: blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of
the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The
pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
venules Answer: smallest veins
venae cavae Answer: largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carries blood to the
heart from the body parts below the diaphragm, and the superior vena cava returns the blood to
the heart from the upper part of the body
capillaries Answer: microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules. Materials
are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls
blood Answer: composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes,
and thrombocytes
plasma Answer: clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended.
Plasma is approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood
vollume
erythrocytes Answer: red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow
leukocytes Answer: white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation.
There are five types of white blood cells
platelets Answer: one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the
clothing process
serum Answer: clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, lymph Answer: transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is
called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to
the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma
lymphatic vessels Answer: similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body
tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries
spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubes that eventually become ducts in the
chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest,
where lymph enters through veins into the circulatory system
lymph nodes Answer: small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be
singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to
keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also
produce lymphocytes
spleen Answer: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the
diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather
than lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The
spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells
thymus gland Answer: one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the
ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the
development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around
puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue
angi/o Answer: vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
aort/o Answer: aorta
arteri/o Answer: artery
atri/o Answer: atrium
cardi/o Answer: heart
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
