NSG 310 (EXAM 1) questions verified with correct answers
2026/2027 version
What was the first formal nursing education program in the United States?
A) RN-BSN
B)DNP
C) Vocational school
D) Diploma - correct answer >>>A
Historically nursing has been a predominantly female work environment why? - correct
answer >>>Extending homemaker role
Who founded the America Red Cross? - correct answer >>>Clara Barton
Who introduced the need for formal education for nursing? - correct answer
>>>Nightingale
What is the nursing meta paradigm? - correct answer >>>theories that represent
different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing, but central constructs: person,
environment, health, and nursing. these r found in all theories and models
WHO definition of health - correct answer >>>a state of complete physical, mental,
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or affirming
Wellness - correct answer >>>is a dimension of health, evidenced in satisfaction with a
person's quality of life and sense of wellbeing
ICN - correct answer >>>International Council of Nurses
ICN def of nursing: - correct answer >>>nursing encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or
well in all settings.
ICN key nursing roles - correct answer >>>Advocacy, promoting a safe environment,
participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management,
and education.
What is the difference between science and art of nursing?
(Finkelman & Kenner) - correct answer >>>knowledge represents the science of
nursing, and caring represents the art of nursing.
What is the art of nursing? - correct answer >>>represents a seamless interactive
process in which nurses blend their knowledge, skills, and scientific understandings with
their individualized knowledge of each client as a unique human being with physical,
cognitive, and spiritual needs.
, What are the 4 patterns of knowing? - correct answer >>>1) Empirical: knowledge that
is objective and observable. help nurses provide scientific rationals
2)Personal: subjective, concrete, and existential. Personal knowledge is relational
(intuition)
3)Aesthetic: art of nursing. this knowledge links humanistic components of care w its
scientific application
4)Ethical ways of knowing: the moral aspects of nursing care.
What is the linear model? - correct answer >>>it is the simplest communication model.
consist of a sender, a message, and a receiver.
Peplau's interpersonal relationship Model - correct answer >>>this model describes how
the nurse-client relationship can facilitate the identification and accomplishment of
therapeutic goals to enhance client and family well-being.
Nightingale Theory - correct answer >>>Environmental theory:
The relationship environment has with health.
correlated cholera/dysentery to infections
promoted clean environments, manipulated environments for healing, hand hygiene.
Orem - correct answer >>>Self Care Deficit Theory:
let patient attempt to do basic human functions. illness can cause individuals to be
unable to maintain self care, in that case nurse helps with patient self care
Roy - correct answer >>>Bio psychosocial adaptive theory:
How patients adapt to change. Help patients adapt biologically and socially. Focuses on
major processes, and the patient as a whole.
Newman - correct answer >>>Wholistic theory: holistic
focus on the entire patient. Mind-body-spirit.
Watson - correct answer >>>Caring science theory: Transpersonal teaching and caring.
creating healing environments @ every level.
google carita's processes
Peplau - correct answer >>>Interpersonal relations theory:
goal setting. resolution made to have patient move on. relationship is then eliminated
Rogers - correct answer >>>Science of unitary beings:
Nursing is both a science and art; the uniqueness of nursing, like that of any other
science, lies in the phenomenon central to its focus.
2026/2027 version
What was the first formal nursing education program in the United States?
A) RN-BSN
B)DNP
C) Vocational school
D) Diploma - correct answer >>>A
Historically nursing has been a predominantly female work environment why? - correct
answer >>>Extending homemaker role
Who founded the America Red Cross? - correct answer >>>Clara Barton
Who introduced the need for formal education for nursing? - correct answer
>>>Nightingale
What is the nursing meta paradigm? - correct answer >>>theories that represent
different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing, but central constructs: person,
environment, health, and nursing. these r found in all theories and models
WHO definition of health - correct answer >>>a state of complete physical, mental,
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or affirming
Wellness - correct answer >>>is a dimension of health, evidenced in satisfaction with a
person's quality of life and sense of wellbeing
ICN - correct answer >>>International Council of Nurses
ICN def of nursing: - correct answer >>>nursing encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or
well in all settings.
ICN key nursing roles - correct answer >>>Advocacy, promoting a safe environment,
participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management,
and education.
What is the difference between science and art of nursing?
(Finkelman & Kenner) - correct answer >>>knowledge represents the science of
nursing, and caring represents the art of nursing.
What is the art of nursing? - correct answer >>>represents a seamless interactive
process in which nurses blend their knowledge, skills, and scientific understandings with
their individualized knowledge of each client as a unique human being with physical,
cognitive, and spiritual needs.
, What are the 4 patterns of knowing? - correct answer >>>1) Empirical: knowledge that
is objective and observable. help nurses provide scientific rationals
2)Personal: subjective, concrete, and existential. Personal knowledge is relational
(intuition)
3)Aesthetic: art of nursing. this knowledge links humanistic components of care w its
scientific application
4)Ethical ways of knowing: the moral aspects of nursing care.
What is the linear model? - correct answer >>>it is the simplest communication model.
consist of a sender, a message, and a receiver.
Peplau's interpersonal relationship Model - correct answer >>>this model describes how
the nurse-client relationship can facilitate the identification and accomplishment of
therapeutic goals to enhance client and family well-being.
Nightingale Theory - correct answer >>>Environmental theory:
The relationship environment has with health.
correlated cholera/dysentery to infections
promoted clean environments, manipulated environments for healing, hand hygiene.
Orem - correct answer >>>Self Care Deficit Theory:
let patient attempt to do basic human functions. illness can cause individuals to be
unable to maintain self care, in that case nurse helps with patient self care
Roy - correct answer >>>Bio psychosocial adaptive theory:
How patients adapt to change. Help patients adapt biologically and socially. Focuses on
major processes, and the patient as a whole.
Newman - correct answer >>>Wholistic theory: holistic
focus on the entire patient. Mind-body-spirit.
Watson - correct answer >>>Caring science theory: Transpersonal teaching and caring.
creating healing environments @ every level.
google carita's processes
Peplau - correct answer >>>Interpersonal relations theory:
goal setting. resolution made to have patient move on. relationship is then eliminated
Rogers - correct answer >>>Science of unitary beings:
Nursing is both a science and art; the uniqueness of nursing, like that of any other
science, lies in the phenomenon central to its focus.
