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Pediatrics Exam
Questions with Answers| Latest Update
,Q1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which finding would the
nurse expect as a normal developmental milestone?
A. Sits without support and transfers objects hand to hand
B. Walks independently
C. Says two-word phrases
D. Rides a tricycle
Correct Answer: A. Sits without support and transfers objects hand to
hand
Rationale: By 6 months, infants typically sit with minimal support, transfer
objects from hand to hand, and begin to babble. Walking independently occurs
around 12-15 months, two-word phrases around 18-24 months, and tricycle
riding around 3 years.
Q2. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary
developmental task of a toddler (ages 1-3)?
A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Industry versus inferiority
Correct Answer: B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Rationale: Toddlers (1-3 years) are working through autonomy versus shame
and doubt, developing independence through actions like toilet training and
self-feeding. Trust vs. mistrust is the infant stage, initiative vs. guilt is the
preschool stage, and industry vs. inferiority is the school-age stage.
Q3. A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old preschooler who will
undergo a scheduled procedure. Which approach best matches this
child's cognitive developmental stage (Piaget's preoperational stage)?
A. Provide detailed written instructions to read independently
B. Use simple, concrete explanations and allow the child to handle
equipment through medical play
C. Explain using abstract medical terminology
, D. Rely solely on verbal explanation without demonstration
Correct Answer: B. Use simple, concrete explanations and allow the child
to handle equipment through medical play
Rationale: Preschoolers are in Piaget's preoperational stage and think
concretely with magical thinking; they benefit from simple explanations just
before a procedure, medical play, and hands-on demonstration rather than
abstract or written explanations, which suit older children.
Q4. An infant demonstrates stranger anxiety and separation anxiety. At
approximately what age does this normally begin to emerge?
A. Birth to 2 months
B. 6 to 8 months
C. 18 to 24 months
D. 3 to 4 years
Correct Answer: B. 6 to 8 months
Rationale: Stranger and separation anxiety typically emerge around 6-8 months
of age as infants develop object permanence and begin to distinguish
caregivers from unfamiliar people, peaking around 9-12 months.
Q5. A nurse notes that a toddler frequently says 'No!' and insists on doing
tasks independently even when it takes longer. How should the nurse
interpret this behavior?
A. A sign of behavioral pathology requiring intervention
B. Normal developmental behavior reflecting the toddler's drive for autonomy
C. Evidence of poor parenting
D. A sign of developmental delay
Correct Answer: B. Normal developmental behavior reflecting the
toddler's drive for autonomy
Rationale: Negativism and the desire for independence are normal, expected
toddler behaviors as they strive for autonomy. Caregivers should be counseled
to offer limited choices to support this developmental need while maintaining
safety and structure.
Q6. Which toy is most appropriate and safe for an 8-month-old infant?
, A. Small building blocks less than 1.25 inches in any dimension
B. A soft rattle with no small detachable parts
C. Balloons for supervised play
D. A toy with small button-cell batteries not securely enclosed
Correct Answer: B. A soft rattle with no small detachable parts
Rationale: Infants explore objects orally, placing them at risk for choking. A soft
rattle without small, detachable parts is appropriate. Toys with small parts
(including small blocks), balloons, and easily accessible batteries pose serious
choking and ingestion hazards for infants.
Q7. A school-age child (Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage) is
hospitalized for an extended period. Which intervention best supports
this child's developmental needs?
A. Encourage complete bed rest with no activities
B. Provide opportunities to complete tasks and receive recognition, such as
schoolwork or craft projects
C. Limit peer contact during hospitalization
D. Make all decisions for the child without input
Correct Answer: B. Provide opportunities to complete tasks and receive
recognition, such as schoolwork or craft projects
Rationale: School-age children develop a sense of industry through
accomplishing tasks and receiving recognition for their competence. Providing
schoolwork, hobbies, and opportunities for mastery during hospitalization
supports this developmental stage and helps prevent feelings of inferiority.
Q8. An adolescent patient is very concerned about body image and peer
acceptance during a hospital stay. According to Erikson, which
developmental task is this adolescent working through?
A. Identity versus role confusion
B. Intimacy versus isolation
C. Generativity versus stagnation
D. Trust versus mistrust
Correct Answer: A. Identity versus role confusion
Pediatrics Exam
Questions with Answers| Latest Update
,Q1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which finding would the
nurse expect as a normal developmental milestone?
A. Sits without support and transfers objects hand to hand
B. Walks independently
C. Says two-word phrases
D. Rides a tricycle
Correct Answer: A. Sits without support and transfers objects hand to
hand
Rationale: By 6 months, infants typically sit with minimal support, transfer
objects from hand to hand, and begin to babble. Walking independently occurs
around 12-15 months, two-word phrases around 18-24 months, and tricycle
riding around 3 years.
Q2. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary
developmental task of a toddler (ages 1-3)?
A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Industry versus inferiority
Correct Answer: B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Rationale: Toddlers (1-3 years) are working through autonomy versus shame
and doubt, developing independence through actions like toilet training and
self-feeding. Trust vs. mistrust is the infant stage, initiative vs. guilt is the
preschool stage, and industry vs. inferiority is the school-age stage.
Q3. A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old preschooler who will
undergo a scheduled procedure. Which approach best matches this
child's cognitive developmental stage (Piaget's preoperational stage)?
A. Provide detailed written instructions to read independently
B. Use simple, concrete explanations and allow the child to handle
equipment through medical play
C. Explain using abstract medical terminology
, D. Rely solely on verbal explanation without demonstration
Correct Answer: B. Use simple, concrete explanations and allow the child
to handle equipment through medical play
Rationale: Preschoolers are in Piaget's preoperational stage and think
concretely with magical thinking; they benefit from simple explanations just
before a procedure, medical play, and hands-on demonstration rather than
abstract or written explanations, which suit older children.
Q4. An infant demonstrates stranger anxiety and separation anxiety. At
approximately what age does this normally begin to emerge?
A. Birth to 2 months
B. 6 to 8 months
C. 18 to 24 months
D. 3 to 4 years
Correct Answer: B. 6 to 8 months
Rationale: Stranger and separation anxiety typically emerge around 6-8 months
of age as infants develop object permanence and begin to distinguish
caregivers from unfamiliar people, peaking around 9-12 months.
Q5. A nurse notes that a toddler frequently says 'No!' and insists on doing
tasks independently even when it takes longer. How should the nurse
interpret this behavior?
A. A sign of behavioral pathology requiring intervention
B. Normal developmental behavior reflecting the toddler's drive for autonomy
C. Evidence of poor parenting
D. A sign of developmental delay
Correct Answer: B. Normal developmental behavior reflecting the
toddler's drive for autonomy
Rationale: Negativism and the desire for independence are normal, expected
toddler behaviors as they strive for autonomy. Caregivers should be counseled
to offer limited choices to support this developmental need while maintaining
safety and structure.
Q6. Which toy is most appropriate and safe for an 8-month-old infant?
, A. Small building blocks less than 1.25 inches in any dimension
B. A soft rattle with no small detachable parts
C. Balloons for supervised play
D. A toy with small button-cell batteries not securely enclosed
Correct Answer: B. A soft rattle with no small detachable parts
Rationale: Infants explore objects orally, placing them at risk for choking. A soft
rattle without small, detachable parts is appropriate. Toys with small parts
(including small blocks), balloons, and easily accessible batteries pose serious
choking and ingestion hazards for infants.
Q7. A school-age child (Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage) is
hospitalized for an extended period. Which intervention best supports
this child's developmental needs?
A. Encourage complete bed rest with no activities
B. Provide opportunities to complete tasks and receive recognition, such as
schoolwork or craft projects
C. Limit peer contact during hospitalization
D. Make all decisions for the child without input
Correct Answer: B. Provide opportunities to complete tasks and receive
recognition, such as schoolwork or craft projects
Rationale: School-age children develop a sense of industry through
accomplishing tasks and receiving recognition for their competence. Providing
schoolwork, hobbies, and opportunities for mastery during hospitalization
supports this developmental stage and helps prevent feelings of inferiority.
Q8. An adolescent patient is very concerned about body image and peer
acceptance during a hospital stay. According to Erikson, which
developmental task is this adolescent working through?
A. Identity versus role confusion
B. Intimacy versus isolation
C. Generativity versus stagnation
D. Trust versus mistrust
Correct Answer: A. Identity versus role confusion
