NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL PAPER
EXAMPREP COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VIEW AHEAD STUDY SHEET
◉ What is Pathophysiology Answer: is the study of what happens
when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder
and disease process of the human body.
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include? Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology Answer: study of causes or reasons for
phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown
origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis? Answer: development or evolution of
disease from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as
time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations? Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications? Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the
best treatment of condition per individual.
,◉ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
◉ What are symptoms? Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
◉ What is objective data Answer: What you observe and can
measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data? Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data? Answer: What the patient may report to
you
◉ What are examples of subjective data? Answer: pain scale, they
feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention? Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
,◉ Explain Primary Prevention Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention Answer: "Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease
early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has
the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis? Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
, ◉ What is allostasis? Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress.
Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the
HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected
to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the
body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged
that can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome? Answer: disease can occur physically
and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia,
infection, and heart disease.
EXAMPREP COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VIEW AHEAD STUDY SHEET
◉ What is Pathophysiology Answer: is the study of what happens
when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder
and disease process of the human body.
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include? Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology Answer: study of causes or reasons for
phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown
origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis? Answer: development or evolution of
disease from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as
time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations? Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications? Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the
best treatment of condition per individual.
,◉ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
◉ What are symptoms? Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
◉ What is objective data Answer: What you observe and can
measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data? Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data? Answer: What the patient may report to
you
◉ What are examples of subjective data? Answer: pain scale, they
feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention? Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
,◉ Explain Primary Prevention Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention Answer: "Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease
early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has
the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis? Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
, ◉ What is allostasis? Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress.
Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the
HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected
to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the
body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged
that can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome? Answer: disease can occur physically
and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia,
infection, and heart disease.
