NURS 5461
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Causes of mitral stenosis - Correct Answer: - rheumatic fever***
Characteristic
- endocarditis
2. What type of murmur is heard with mitral stenosis - Correct Answer:
diastolic rumble w/ opening snap
3. Causes of mitral regurgitation - Correct Answer: - anything that causes
LV dilation (stretches the heart and valves are no longer able to come
together properly)
- rheumatic fever
- endocarditis
- papillary muscle dysfunction
- calcification of valve
4. What type of murmur is heard with mitral regurgitation - Correct
Answer: hollow systolic murmur at the apex; flat murmur, starts at S1
5. Best position for pt to be in to hear extra heart sounds - Correct
Answer: left lateral decubitus position
,6. S3 heart sound indicates what problem? - Correct Answer: volume
overload --> too much blood volume
7. S4 heart sound indicates what problem? - Correct Answer: pressure
overload - very bad - like in HTN
8. Mitral valve prolapse is caused by - Correct Answer: - idiopathic
- connective tissue disorder (Marfans, Ehler Danos)
9. Mitral valve prolapse murmur is a - Correct Answer: systolic murmur w/
late/mid systolic click
10.The valve closures best heard at the base of the heart are - Correct
Answer: aortic and pulmonic
11.S1 coincides with the - Correct Answer: carotid artery pulse
12.Strongest risk factor for CVD in older adults is - Correct Answer:
elevated systolic blood pressure
13.A pt that comes in with tiredness and shortness of breath should be
suspected for - Correct Answer: Acute coronary syndrome
,14.All pts with suspected ACS should receive what medications? - Correct
Answer: Aspirin (regardless of age)
Metoprolol or atenolol
ACE inhibitor
Statin
15.ABCs of ACS - Correct Answer: A: ASA and antianginal therapy
B: Beta blockers and blood pressure
C: Cigarette smoking and cholesterol
D: Diet and diabetes
E: Exercise and Education
16.Diagnostic for chronic CAD - Correct Answer: stress test
17.All pts with chronic CAD should get what meds? - Correct Answer: - high
dose statin
- aspirin
- ACE inhibitors (if pt has CAD, PAD, or DM)
18.CCBs are contraindicated in pts with - Correct Answer: HEART FAILURE
or if EF < 40%
19.The drug of choice to prevent stroke in valvular a. fib is... - Correct
Answer: warfarin
20.Optimal candidates for warfarin therapy in pts with afib: - Correct
Answer: - renal insufficiency
, - can do INR testing
- self testing machine for INR testing
- are concerned with a reversal strategy
21.Therapy for ventricular arrhythmia - Correct Answer: - NO THERAPY
unless pt is highly symptomatic
- first choice: Beta blocker
22.Most common meds that contribute to bradyarrhhythmias: - Correct
Answer: - beta blockers
- diltiazem
- verpamil
- amiodarone
- cholinesterase inhibitors
23.Gold standard for valvular disorders - Correct Answer: ECHO
24.Diagnosis of HF is used by - Correct Answer: - CXR
- BNP
- EKG
- CBC, CMP, UA, trop, CK
- ECHO
25.Metolazone is used in HF to - Correct Answer: help decrease edema
26.Drug of choice for acute bronchitis - Correct Answer: SABA
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Causes of mitral stenosis - Correct Answer: - rheumatic fever***
Characteristic
- endocarditis
2. What type of murmur is heard with mitral stenosis - Correct Answer:
diastolic rumble w/ opening snap
3. Causes of mitral regurgitation - Correct Answer: - anything that causes
LV dilation (stretches the heart and valves are no longer able to come
together properly)
- rheumatic fever
- endocarditis
- papillary muscle dysfunction
- calcification of valve
4. What type of murmur is heard with mitral regurgitation - Correct
Answer: hollow systolic murmur at the apex; flat murmur, starts at S1
5. Best position for pt to be in to hear extra heart sounds - Correct
Answer: left lateral decubitus position
,6. S3 heart sound indicates what problem? - Correct Answer: volume
overload --> too much blood volume
7. S4 heart sound indicates what problem? - Correct Answer: pressure
overload - very bad - like in HTN
8. Mitral valve prolapse is caused by - Correct Answer: - idiopathic
- connective tissue disorder (Marfans, Ehler Danos)
9. Mitral valve prolapse murmur is a - Correct Answer: systolic murmur w/
late/mid systolic click
10.The valve closures best heard at the base of the heart are - Correct
Answer: aortic and pulmonic
11.S1 coincides with the - Correct Answer: carotid artery pulse
12.Strongest risk factor for CVD in older adults is - Correct Answer:
elevated systolic blood pressure
13.A pt that comes in with tiredness and shortness of breath should be
suspected for - Correct Answer: Acute coronary syndrome
,14.All pts with suspected ACS should receive what medications? - Correct
Answer: Aspirin (regardless of age)
Metoprolol or atenolol
ACE inhibitor
Statin
15.ABCs of ACS - Correct Answer: A: ASA and antianginal therapy
B: Beta blockers and blood pressure
C: Cigarette smoking and cholesterol
D: Diet and diabetes
E: Exercise and Education
16.Diagnostic for chronic CAD - Correct Answer: stress test
17.All pts with chronic CAD should get what meds? - Correct Answer: - high
dose statin
- aspirin
- ACE inhibitors (if pt has CAD, PAD, or DM)
18.CCBs are contraindicated in pts with - Correct Answer: HEART FAILURE
or if EF < 40%
19.The drug of choice to prevent stroke in valvular a. fib is... - Correct
Answer: warfarin
20.Optimal candidates for warfarin therapy in pts with afib: - Correct
Answer: - renal insufficiency
, - can do INR testing
- self testing machine for INR testing
- are concerned with a reversal strategy
21.Therapy for ventricular arrhythmia - Correct Answer: - NO THERAPY
unless pt is highly symptomatic
- first choice: Beta blocker
22.Most common meds that contribute to bradyarrhhythmias: - Correct
Answer: - beta blockers
- diltiazem
- verpamil
- amiodarone
- cholinesterase inhibitors
23.Gold standard for valvular disorders - Correct Answer: ECHO
24.Diagnosis of HF is used by - Correct Answer: - CXR
- BNP
- EKG
- CBC, CMP, UA, trop, CK
- ECHO
25.Metolazone is used in HF to - Correct Answer: help decrease edema
26.Drug of choice for acute bronchitis - Correct Answer: SABA
