O&M ACVREP Study Guide ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Adaptive mobility device (AMD) Device, commonly built from PVC pipe to meet the specific needs of the
individual, designed to provide environmental preview information to children
who cannot use long canes. AMDs are prescribed by orientation and mobility
specialists (OMSs). Typically the AMD is held by two hands and is pushed in front
of the child's body.
Affective attunement Interaction between a caregiver and an infant in which the caregiver displays
highly interactive behaviors that effectively engage the infant.
Albinism Group of inherited, usually autosomal-recessive disorders with deficiency or
absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, or eyes only, as a result of
decreased melanin production. Associated with nystagmus, strabismus,
astigmatism, and central scotomas.
Alignment Positioning of the body in a straight line, with shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles
directly above one another.
, Anophthalmia Absence of the globe and ocular tissue from the orbit of one or both eyeballs
(most individuals have some remnants of the globe). Sometimes associated with
multiple congenital malformations.
Asymmetrical Having one side of the body different from or unequal to the other side.
Attachment Relationship of affection between two persons, such as a parent and infant.
Attentive stillness Act of staying motionless to better concentrate on a situation; attentive stillness
can be a form of subtle nonverbal communication.
Audibility Awareness and responsiveness to sounds.
Audiogram Chart, graph, or table resulting from audiometric testing showing an individual's
hearing threshold levels. Thresholds from air conduction and bone conduction
tests are obtained and recorded on the audiogram. Along the vertical Y axis of the
graph, a scale represents the loudness of sound measured in decibels (dB)
ranging from -10 to 110 in increments of 10. Along the horizontal X axis of the
graph, the frequency, or pitch of the sound measured in Hertz (Hz), is displayed in
the following increments: 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000.
Audiologist Professional trained to identify and evaluate deafness and hearing impairments.
Audiologists also provide and direct the audiology services necessary for the
successful use of available hearing for learning, communication, and social
development.
Audiometric test Hearing test that measures hearing thresholds at various pitches and frequencies.
Auditory cortex Brain area that receives and processes information about sound.
Auditory processing disorder Dysfunction along the auditory nerve pathway or in the auditory cortex of the
brain, resulting in difficulty analyzing, understanding, or remembering sounds.
Auditory system Sensory organs responsible for hearing; composed of the outer ear, middle ear,
inner ear, brainstem, and brain.
Balance Ability to maintain a steady, upright position.
Ball tip Spherical bearing placed at the end of a long cane; the ball's rolling action
reduces contact friction and wear that results from some cane techniques such as
constant contact.
ANSWERS
Adaptive mobility device (AMD) Device, commonly built from PVC pipe to meet the specific needs of the
individual, designed to provide environmental preview information to children
who cannot use long canes. AMDs are prescribed by orientation and mobility
specialists (OMSs). Typically the AMD is held by two hands and is pushed in front
of the child's body.
Affective attunement Interaction between a caregiver and an infant in which the caregiver displays
highly interactive behaviors that effectively engage the infant.
Albinism Group of inherited, usually autosomal-recessive disorders with deficiency or
absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, or eyes only, as a result of
decreased melanin production. Associated with nystagmus, strabismus,
astigmatism, and central scotomas.
Alignment Positioning of the body in a straight line, with shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles
directly above one another.
, Anophthalmia Absence of the globe and ocular tissue from the orbit of one or both eyeballs
(most individuals have some remnants of the globe). Sometimes associated with
multiple congenital malformations.
Asymmetrical Having one side of the body different from or unequal to the other side.
Attachment Relationship of affection between two persons, such as a parent and infant.
Attentive stillness Act of staying motionless to better concentrate on a situation; attentive stillness
can be a form of subtle nonverbal communication.
Audibility Awareness and responsiveness to sounds.
Audiogram Chart, graph, or table resulting from audiometric testing showing an individual's
hearing threshold levels. Thresholds from air conduction and bone conduction
tests are obtained and recorded on the audiogram. Along the vertical Y axis of the
graph, a scale represents the loudness of sound measured in decibels (dB)
ranging from -10 to 110 in increments of 10. Along the horizontal X axis of the
graph, the frequency, or pitch of the sound measured in Hertz (Hz), is displayed in
the following increments: 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000.
Audiologist Professional trained to identify and evaluate deafness and hearing impairments.
Audiologists also provide and direct the audiology services necessary for the
successful use of available hearing for learning, communication, and social
development.
Audiometric test Hearing test that measures hearing thresholds at various pitches and frequencies.
Auditory cortex Brain area that receives and processes information about sound.
Auditory processing disorder Dysfunction along the auditory nerve pathway or in the auditory cortex of the
brain, resulting in difficulty analyzing, understanding, or remembering sounds.
Auditory system Sensory organs responsible for hearing; composed of the outer ear, middle ear,
inner ear, brainstem, and brain.
Balance Ability to maintain a steady, upright position.
Ball tip Spherical bearing placed at the end of a long cane; the ball's rolling action
reduces contact friction and wear that results from some cane techniques such as
constant contact.
