Portage Learning
LANIF · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Fundamentals of Nursing
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Final
Exam
TOTAL QUESTIONS 70 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Nursing assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (ADPIE) are all testable
content.
▸ Legal and ethical concepts, communication, stages of infection, and healthcare systems are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — NURSING FUNDAMENTALS:
Questions 1 – 70
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What is a susceptible host in the chain of infection?
A. Where pathogens live and multiply
B. Pathogens, normal flora
C. Person with inadequate disease protection
D. Via bodily fluids, coughing, IV lines, wounds
CORRECT ANSWER C — Person with inadequate disease protection
RATIONALE A susceptible host is a person who is vulnerable to infection due to inadequate
disease protection. This includes individuals with weakened immune systems, the
elderly, young children, and those with chronic illnesses or other risk factors.
2. What is an infectious agent in the chain of infection?
A. Where pathogens live and multiply
B. Pathogens, normal flora
C. Via bodily fluids, coughing, IV lines, wounds
D. Eyes, mouth, wounds, surgical sites
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pathogens, normal flora
RATIONALE An infectious agent in the chain of infection includes pathogens (such as bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites) and normal flora that can cause infection under
certain conditions. This is the first link in the chain of infection.
,3. What is an actual nursing diagnosis?
A. A potential problem with no evidence
B. An actual nursing problem
C. A collection of nursing diagnoses that usually occur together
D. A health status with no problem
CORRECT ANSWER B — An actual nursing problem
RATIONALE An actual nursing diagnosis describes an actual nursing problem that is currently
present. It is supported by defining characteristics (signs and symptoms) and
requires immediate nursing intervention to address the problem.
4. What does the medical abbreviation "TID" mean?
A. Twice a day
B. Four times a day
C. Three times a day
D. Every bedtime
CORRECT ANSWER C — Three times a day
RATIONALE TID is a medical abbreviation meaning "three times a day" (from the Latin "ter in
die"). It is commonly used in medication administration to indicate a dosing
frequency of three times per day.
, 5. What are the stages of infection in correct order?
A. Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
B. Prodromal, Incubation, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
C. Incubation, Illness, Prodromal, Decline, Convalescence
D. Illness, Incubation, Prodromal, Decline, Convalescence
CORRECT ANSWER A — Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
RATIONALE The correct order of the stages of infection is: Incubation (time from infection to
symptom manifestation), Prodromal (appearance of vague symptoms), Illness
(signs and symptoms present), Decline (number of pathogens decline), and
Convalescence (tissue repair, return to health).
6. What is contact transmission?
A. Coughing and sneezing
B. Direct touching, sexual contact
C. Via air conditioning, sweeping
D. Via bodily fluids
CORRECT ANSWER B — Direct touching, sexual contact
RATIONALE Contact transmission includes direct contact (touching, sexual contact, skin-to-
skin contact) and indirect contact (contact with fomites or contaminated objects).
This is a common mode of transmission in healthcare settings.
LANIF · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Fundamentals of Nursing
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Final
Exam
TOTAL QUESTIONS 70 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Nursing assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (ADPIE) are all testable
content.
▸ Legal and ethical concepts, communication, stages of infection, and healthcare systems are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — NURSING FUNDAMENTALS:
Questions 1 – 70
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What is a susceptible host in the chain of infection?
A. Where pathogens live and multiply
B. Pathogens, normal flora
C. Person with inadequate disease protection
D. Via bodily fluids, coughing, IV lines, wounds
CORRECT ANSWER C — Person with inadequate disease protection
RATIONALE A susceptible host is a person who is vulnerable to infection due to inadequate
disease protection. This includes individuals with weakened immune systems, the
elderly, young children, and those with chronic illnesses or other risk factors.
2. What is an infectious agent in the chain of infection?
A. Where pathogens live and multiply
B. Pathogens, normal flora
C. Via bodily fluids, coughing, IV lines, wounds
D. Eyes, mouth, wounds, surgical sites
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pathogens, normal flora
RATIONALE An infectious agent in the chain of infection includes pathogens (such as bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites) and normal flora that can cause infection under
certain conditions. This is the first link in the chain of infection.
,3. What is an actual nursing diagnosis?
A. A potential problem with no evidence
B. An actual nursing problem
C. A collection of nursing diagnoses that usually occur together
D. A health status with no problem
CORRECT ANSWER B — An actual nursing problem
RATIONALE An actual nursing diagnosis describes an actual nursing problem that is currently
present. It is supported by defining characteristics (signs and symptoms) and
requires immediate nursing intervention to address the problem.
4. What does the medical abbreviation "TID" mean?
A. Twice a day
B. Four times a day
C. Three times a day
D. Every bedtime
CORRECT ANSWER C — Three times a day
RATIONALE TID is a medical abbreviation meaning "three times a day" (from the Latin "ter in
die"). It is commonly used in medication administration to indicate a dosing
frequency of three times per day.
, 5. What are the stages of infection in correct order?
A. Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
B. Prodromal, Incubation, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
C. Incubation, Illness, Prodromal, Decline, Convalescence
D. Illness, Incubation, Prodromal, Decline, Convalescence
CORRECT ANSWER A — Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence
RATIONALE The correct order of the stages of infection is: Incubation (time from infection to
symptom manifestation), Prodromal (appearance of vague symptoms), Illness
(signs and symptoms present), Decline (number of pathogens decline), and
Convalescence (tissue repair, return to health).
6. What is contact transmission?
A. Coughing and sneezing
B. Direct touching, sexual contact
C. Via air conditioning, sweeping
D. Via bodily fluids
CORRECT ANSWER B — Direct touching, sexual contact
RATIONALE Contact transmission includes direct contact (touching, sexual contact, skin-to-
skin contact) and indirect contact (contact with fomites or contaminated objects).
This is a common mode of transmission in healthcare settings.
