Portage Learning
3 TINU · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Unit 3 Review
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam: Unit 3 Material
Review
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing — Unit 3
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Unit 3
Review
TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Unit 3 content includes oxygenation, acid-base balance, pulmonary embolism, fractures, diabetes
management, and renal/urologic conditions.
▸ Lab values, treatment protocols, and nursing interventions are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — UNIT 3: OXYGENATION, ACID-BASE,
Questions 1 – 50
DIABETES, RENAL & ELECTROLYTES
1. What is hypoxemia?
A. Low oxygen in tissues
B. Low oxygen in the blood
C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
CORRECT ANSWER B — Low oxygen in the blood
RATIONALE Hypoxemia is defined as low oxygen levels in the blood. It is an important concept
in respiratory physiology that can lead to hypoxia (low oxygen in tissues) if not
corrected. Hypoxemia is typically measured by arterial blood gas analysis.
2. What are the signs and symptoms of early hypoxemia?
A. Decreased heart rate, decreased respiratory rate, cyanosis
B. Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, pale skin and mucous membranes
C. Loss of consciousness, bradypnea, hypotension
D. Flushed skin, bounding pulse, hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER B — Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood
pressure, restlessness, agitation, pale skin and mucous membranes
RATIONALE Early signs of hypoxemia include increased respiratory rate (tachypnea),
increased heart rate (tachycardia), increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, and pale skin and mucous membranes. These are compensatory
responses to low oxygen levels. Cyanosis is a late sign.
, 3. What is hypoxia?
A. Low oxygen in the blood
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
CORRECT ANSWER B — Low oxygen in tissues
RATIONALE Hypoxia is defined as low oxygen levels in the tissues. It can result from
hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) or from impaired oxygen delivery to tissues.
Hypoxia is a serious condition that can lead to cellular damage and organ failure if
not treated promptly.
4. What are the signs and symptoms of acute hypoxia?
A. Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, pale skin, headache, shortness of breath, dyspnea
B. Decreased respiratory rate, bradycardia, hypotension
C. Loss of consciousness only
D. Cyanosis and bradypnea
CORRECT ANSWER A — Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood
pressure, restlessness, agitation, pale skin, headache, shortness of breath,
dyspnea
RATIONALE Acute hypoxia presents with the same signs as hypoxemia (increased respiratory
rate, heart rate, and blood pressure; restlessness; agitation; pale skin and mucous
membranes) plus additional symptoms including headache, shortness of breath
(SOB), and dyspnea. These symptoms indicate the body's attempt to compensate
for inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
3 TINU · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Unit 3 Review
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam: Unit 3 Material
Review
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing — Unit 3
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Unit 3
Review
TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Unit 3 content includes oxygenation, acid-base balance, pulmonary embolism, fractures, diabetes
management, and renal/urologic conditions.
▸ Lab values, treatment protocols, and nursing interventions are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — UNIT 3: OXYGENATION, ACID-BASE,
Questions 1 – 50
DIABETES, RENAL & ELECTROLYTES
1. What is hypoxemia?
A. Low oxygen in tissues
B. Low oxygen in the blood
C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
CORRECT ANSWER B — Low oxygen in the blood
RATIONALE Hypoxemia is defined as low oxygen levels in the blood. It is an important concept
in respiratory physiology that can lead to hypoxia (low oxygen in tissues) if not
corrected. Hypoxemia is typically measured by arterial blood gas analysis.
2. What are the signs and symptoms of early hypoxemia?
A. Decreased heart rate, decreased respiratory rate, cyanosis
B. Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, pale skin and mucous membranes
C. Loss of consciousness, bradypnea, hypotension
D. Flushed skin, bounding pulse, hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER B — Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood
pressure, restlessness, agitation, pale skin and mucous membranes
RATIONALE Early signs of hypoxemia include increased respiratory rate (tachypnea),
increased heart rate (tachycardia), increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, and pale skin and mucous membranes. These are compensatory
responses to low oxygen levels. Cyanosis is a late sign.
, 3. What is hypoxia?
A. Low oxygen in the blood
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
CORRECT ANSWER B — Low oxygen in tissues
RATIONALE Hypoxia is defined as low oxygen levels in the tissues. It can result from
hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) or from impaired oxygen delivery to tissues.
Hypoxia is a serious condition that can lead to cellular damage and organ failure if
not treated promptly.
4. What are the signs and symptoms of acute hypoxia?
A. Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, restlessness,
agitation, pale skin, headache, shortness of breath, dyspnea
B. Decreased respiratory rate, bradycardia, hypotension
C. Loss of consciousness only
D. Cyanosis and bradypnea
CORRECT ANSWER A — Increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, increased blood
pressure, restlessness, agitation, pale skin, headache, shortness of breath,
dyspnea
RATIONALE Acute hypoxia presents with the same signs as hypoxemia (increased respiratory
rate, heart rate, and blood pressure; restlessness; agitation; pale skin and mucous
membranes) plus additional symptoms including headache, shortness of breath
(SOB), and dyspnea. These symptoms indicate the body's attempt to compensate
for inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
