Portage Learning
LANIF · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Final Exam Test Bank
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam Test Bank
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Pathophysiology & Fundamentals
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Final
Exam Test Bank
TOTAL QUESTIONS 160 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Pathophysiology, medical terminology, anatomy, and physiology concepts are all testable content.
▸ Acid-base balance, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular concepts, and cellular processes are
emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current pathophysiology and nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & FUNDAMENTALS:
Questions 1 – 160
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What is absorption?
A. The process of releasing metabolic products from cells
B. A complex process of taking in nutrients and moving these to the circulation to be used by
cells
C. The breakdown of food mechanically and chemically
D. The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
CORRECT ANSWER B — A complex process of taking in nutrients and moving these to the
circulation to be used by cells
RATIONALE Absorption is the complex process by which nutrients are taken in from the
gastrointestinal tract and moved into the circulation to be used by cells
throughout the body. This is a fundamental concept in understanding nutrition
and metabolism.
2. What is an acid?
A. A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
B. A substance that donates hydrogen ions
C. A substance with a pH above 7.0
D. A substance that can function as either an acid or a base
CORRECT ANSWER B — A substance that donates hydrogen ions
RATIONALE An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. This is the
Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids. Acids have a pH below 7.0 and are important
in understanding acid-base balance in the body.
,3. What is an action potential?
A. The difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of a cell
B. Electrical events that travel along an entire neuron by allowing charged ions to flood
through channels in the semipermeable membrane
C. The process of releasing neurotransmitters
D. The resting state of a neuron
CORRECT ANSWER B — Electrical events that travel along an entire neuron by allowing
charged ions to flood through channels in the semipermeable membrane
RATIONALE An action potential is an electrical event that travels along an entire neuron. It
occurs when charged ions flood through channels in the semipermeable
membrane, causing a rapid change in membrane potential. This is the
fundamental mechanism of neural communication.
4. What is amphoteric?
A. A substance that donates hydrogen ions
B. A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
C. Able to function as either acid or base
D. A substance with a pH below 7.0
CORRECT ANSWER C — Able to function as either acid or base
RATIONALE Amphoteric substances are able to function as either an acid or a base depending
on the environment. This concept is important in understanding buffering
systems in the body that maintain acid-base balance.
, 5. What is anemia?
A. Condition characterized by deficiency of red blood cells and subsequent oxygen resulting
in pallor and tiredness
B. Excessive red blood cells
C. Inflammation of the blood vessels
D. Low white blood cell count
CORRECT ANSWER A — Condition characterized by deficiency of red blood cells and
subsequent oxygen resulting in pallor and tiredness
RATIONALE Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or
hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. This
results in symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, and weakness. Understanding anemia
is essential for recognizing and managing this common condition.
6. What is angiogenesis?
A. The death of cells
B. The generation of new blood vessels
C. The formation of new cells
D. The removal of damaged cells
CORRECT ANSWER B — The generation of new blood vessels
RATIONALE Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels.
This process is important in wound healing, growth, and development, but also
plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis.
LANIF · 132 RUN
★ ★
NUR 231 — Final Exam Test Bank
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NUR 231 Final Exam Test Bank
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NUR 231 COURSE TITLE Pathophysiology & Fundamentals
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NUR 231 Final
Exam Test Bank
TOTAL QUESTIONS 160 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Pathophysiology, medical terminology, anatomy, and physiology concepts are all testable content.
▸ Acid-base balance, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular concepts, and cellular processes are
emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current pathophysiology and nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & FUNDAMENTALS:
Questions 1 – 160
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What is absorption?
A. The process of releasing metabolic products from cells
B. A complex process of taking in nutrients and moving these to the circulation to be used by
cells
C. The breakdown of food mechanically and chemically
D. The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
CORRECT ANSWER B — A complex process of taking in nutrients and moving these to the
circulation to be used by cells
RATIONALE Absorption is the complex process by which nutrients are taken in from the
gastrointestinal tract and moved into the circulation to be used by cells
throughout the body. This is a fundamental concept in understanding nutrition
and metabolism.
2. What is an acid?
A. A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
B. A substance that donates hydrogen ions
C. A substance with a pH above 7.0
D. A substance that can function as either an acid or a base
CORRECT ANSWER B — A substance that donates hydrogen ions
RATIONALE An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. This is the
Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids. Acids have a pH below 7.0 and are important
in understanding acid-base balance in the body.
,3. What is an action potential?
A. The difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of a cell
B. Electrical events that travel along an entire neuron by allowing charged ions to flood
through channels in the semipermeable membrane
C. The process of releasing neurotransmitters
D. The resting state of a neuron
CORRECT ANSWER B — Electrical events that travel along an entire neuron by allowing
charged ions to flood through channels in the semipermeable membrane
RATIONALE An action potential is an electrical event that travels along an entire neuron. It
occurs when charged ions flood through channels in the semipermeable
membrane, causing a rapid change in membrane potential. This is the
fundamental mechanism of neural communication.
4. What is amphoteric?
A. A substance that donates hydrogen ions
B. A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
C. Able to function as either acid or base
D. A substance with a pH below 7.0
CORRECT ANSWER C — Able to function as either acid or base
RATIONALE Amphoteric substances are able to function as either an acid or a base depending
on the environment. This concept is important in understanding buffering
systems in the body that maintain acid-base balance.
, 5. What is anemia?
A. Condition characterized by deficiency of red blood cells and subsequent oxygen resulting
in pallor and tiredness
B. Excessive red blood cells
C. Inflammation of the blood vessels
D. Low white blood cell count
CORRECT ANSWER A — Condition characterized by deficiency of red blood cells and
subsequent oxygen resulting in pallor and tiredness
RATIONALE Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or
hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. This
results in symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, and weakness. Understanding anemia
is essential for recognizing and managing this common condition.
6. What is angiogenesis?
A. The death of cells
B. The generation of new blood vessels
C. The formation of new cells
D. The removal of damaged cells
CORRECT ANSWER B — The generation of new blood vessels
RATIONALE Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels.
This process is important in wound healing, growth, and development, but also
plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis.
