1 MAXE · 132 SRUN
★ ★
Portage Learning
PN School of Nursing
EST. 2009
FLEXIBLE. AFFORDABLE. ACCREDITED.
NURS 231 EXAM 1 — Comprehensive Review
N U RS I N G F U N DA M E N TA LS , T H E O RY, & H E A LT H P R O M OT I O N
INSTITUTION Portage Learning COURSE CODE NURS 231
PROGRAM Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE NURS 231 EXAM 1 — TOTAL QUESTIONS 123 Questions
Comprehensive Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover nursing definitions, theorists, caring, evidence-based practice, health models, and
stress.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ Use these rationales to reinforce key nursing concepts for clinical practice.
, SECTION I — NURSING FUNDAMENTALS Questions 1 – 123
1. What is the definition of nursing according to the ANA?
A. To protect, promote, and optimize health; prevent illness; and alleviate problems
B. To diagnose and treat disease
C. To administer medications and treatments
D. To follow physician orders
CORRECT ANSWER A — To protect, promote, and optimize health; prevent illness; and alleviate
problems
RATIONALE The ANA defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health
and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of
individuals, families, communities, and populations.
2. What are the six essentials of nursing according to the ANA?
A. Caring relationship, full range of human experience, objective/subjective, evidence-based
practice, social/public policy
B. Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
C. Care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, commitment
D. Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, veracity
CORRECT ANSWER A — Caring relationship, full range of human experience,
objective/subjective, evidence-based practice, social/public policy
RATIONALE The six essentials of nursing according to the ANA include: caring relationship, full
range of human experience from birth to death, objective and subjective
knowledge, evidence-based practice, and social/public policy.
,3. Who is Florence Nightingale and what is her significance to nursing?
A. Most influential person in nursing; started cleanliness like handwashing; all nursing
schools use her as a baseline
B. Founder of the American Red Cross
C. First African American nurse
D. Founder of public health nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Most influential person in nursing; started cleanliness like
handwashing; all nursing schools use her as a baseline
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale is the most influential person in nursing. She started
cleanliness practices like handwashing and all nursing schools use her as a
baseline for nursing education and practice.
4. Who is Mary Breckinridge and what was her contribution?
A. First nurse who traveled to moms/babies in rural areas to provide care during labor;
influenced public health to increase rural health care; reduced infant mortality and
stillbirths
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. Founder of the ANA
D. First African American nurse
CORRECT ANSWER A — First nurse who traveled to moms/babies in rural areas to provide care
during labor; influenced public health to increase rural health care;
reduced infant mortality and stillbirths
RATIONALE Mary Breckinridge was the first nurse who traveled to mothers and babies in rural
areas to provide care during labor. She traveled via horse and influenced public
health to increase rural health care. These services reduced infant mortality and
stillbirths.
, 5. Who is Lillian Wald?
A. Founder of public health nursing
B. Founder of the ANA
C. First African American nurse
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Founder of public health nursing
RATIONALE Lillian Wald is recognized as the founder of public health nursing. She established
the Henry Street Settlement in New York City and brought nursing care to
underserved communities.
6. Who is Isabel Hampton Robb?
A. Founder of the ANA; created formal teachings & entrance exams
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. First African American nurse
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Founder of the ANA; created formal teachings & entrance exams
RATIONALE Isabel Hampton Robb was the founder of the American Nurses Association (ANA).
She created formal teachings and entrance exams for nursing education.
7. Who is Mary Eliza Mahoney?
A. First Black nurse in 1879; advocated for others
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. Founder of the ANA
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — First Black nurse in 1879; advocated for others
RATIONALE Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first Black nurse in 1879. She advocated for others
and was a pioneer in the nursing profession.
★ ★
Portage Learning
PN School of Nursing
EST. 2009
FLEXIBLE. AFFORDABLE. ACCREDITED.
NURS 231 EXAM 1 — Comprehensive Review
N U RS I N G F U N DA M E N TA LS , T H E O RY, & H E A LT H P R O M OT I O N
INSTITUTION Portage Learning COURSE CODE NURS 231
PROGRAM Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE NURS 231 EXAM 1 — TOTAL QUESTIONS 123 Questions
Comprehensive Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover nursing definitions, theorists, caring, evidence-based practice, health models, and
stress.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ Use these rationales to reinforce key nursing concepts for clinical practice.
, SECTION I — NURSING FUNDAMENTALS Questions 1 – 123
1. What is the definition of nursing according to the ANA?
A. To protect, promote, and optimize health; prevent illness; and alleviate problems
B. To diagnose and treat disease
C. To administer medications and treatments
D. To follow physician orders
CORRECT ANSWER A — To protect, promote, and optimize health; prevent illness; and alleviate
problems
RATIONALE The ANA defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health
and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of
individuals, families, communities, and populations.
2. What are the six essentials of nursing according to the ANA?
A. Caring relationship, full range of human experience, objective/subjective, evidence-based
practice, social/public policy
B. Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
C. Care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, commitment
D. Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, veracity
CORRECT ANSWER A — Caring relationship, full range of human experience,
objective/subjective, evidence-based practice, social/public policy
RATIONALE The six essentials of nursing according to the ANA include: caring relationship, full
range of human experience from birth to death, objective and subjective
knowledge, evidence-based practice, and social/public policy.
,3. Who is Florence Nightingale and what is her significance to nursing?
A. Most influential person in nursing; started cleanliness like handwashing; all nursing
schools use her as a baseline
B. Founder of the American Red Cross
C. First African American nurse
D. Founder of public health nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Most influential person in nursing; started cleanliness like
handwashing; all nursing schools use her as a baseline
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale is the most influential person in nursing. She started
cleanliness practices like handwashing and all nursing schools use her as a
baseline for nursing education and practice.
4. Who is Mary Breckinridge and what was her contribution?
A. First nurse who traveled to moms/babies in rural areas to provide care during labor;
influenced public health to increase rural health care; reduced infant mortality and
stillbirths
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. Founder of the ANA
D. First African American nurse
CORRECT ANSWER A — First nurse who traveled to moms/babies in rural areas to provide care
during labor; influenced public health to increase rural health care;
reduced infant mortality and stillbirths
RATIONALE Mary Breckinridge was the first nurse who traveled to mothers and babies in rural
areas to provide care during labor. She traveled via horse and influenced public
health to increase rural health care. These services reduced infant mortality and
stillbirths.
, 5. Who is Lillian Wald?
A. Founder of public health nursing
B. Founder of the ANA
C. First African American nurse
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Founder of public health nursing
RATIONALE Lillian Wald is recognized as the founder of public health nursing. She established
the Henry Street Settlement in New York City and brought nursing care to
underserved communities.
6. Who is Isabel Hampton Robb?
A. Founder of the ANA; created formal teachings & entrance exams
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. First African American nurse
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — Founder of the ANA; created formal teachings & entrance exams
RATIONALE Isabel Hampton Robb was the founder of the American Nurses Association (ANA).
She created formal teachings and entrance exams for nursing education.
7. Who is Mary Eliza Mahoney?
A. First Black nurse in 1879; advocated for others
B. Founder of public health nursing
C. Founder of the ANA
D. Most influential person in nursing
CORRECT ANSWER A — First Black nurse in 1879; advocated for others
RATIONALE Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first Black nurse in 1879. She advocated for others
and was a pioneer in the nursing profession.
