Portage Learning
2 MAXE · 132 SRUN
★ ★
NURS 231 — Exam 2: Stress, Sleep, QSEN & Safety
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NURS 231 Exam 2 — Stress, Sleep,
QSEN & Safety
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NURS 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NURS 231 Exam
2
TOTAL QUESTIONS 100 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Stress and coping, defense mechanisms, sleep, QSEN competencies, patient safety, and medication
administration are all testable content.
▸ Fight or flight response, therapeutic communication, and just culture are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — STRESS, SLEEP, QSEN & SAFETY:
Questions 1 – 100
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What are the body's responses to a fight or flight situation?
A. Eyes: tunnel vision; Lungs: fast breathing; Muscles: tense; Liver: converts glycogen to
glucose; Bladder: relaxation; Brain: signal to adrenal glands; Ear: auditory exclusion;
Heart: acceleration; Stomach: slow digestion; Adrenal glands: produce hormones; Hands:
shaking
B. Only increased heart rate and breathing
C. Only muscle tension
D. Only adrenal hormone production
CORRECT ANSWER A — Eyes: tunnel vision; Lungs: fast breathing; Muscles: tense; Liver:
converts glycogen to glucose; Bladder: relaxation; Brain: signal to adrenal
glands; Ear: auditory exclusion; Heart: acceleration; Stomach: slow
digestion; Adrenal glands: produce hormones; Hands: shaking
RATIONALE The fight or flight response involves multiple body systems preparing for action.
The eyes develop tunnel vision, lungs increase breathing rate, muscles tense, the
liver converts glycogen to glucose for energy, the bladder relaxes, the brain
signals the adrenal glands, auditory exclusion occurs, the heart accelerates,
digestion slows, adrenal glands produce hormones, and hands may shake.
2. What is anxiety?
A. A response to a real or perceived threat to an individual
B. The body's response to stress
C. A reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain equilibrium
D. A positive emotional state
CORRECT ANSWER A — A response to a real or perceived threat to an individual
RATIONALE Anxiety is a response to a real or perceived threat to an individual. It is a
psychological and physiological response that can range from mild to severe and
can significantly impact health and well-being.
,3. What is the difference between anxiety and stress?
A. Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain equilibrium;
anxiety is a response to a threat
B. Stress is always negative; anxiety is always positive
C. They are the same thing
D. Stress is physical; anxiety is emotional
CORRECT ANSWER A — Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to
maintain equilibrium; anxiety is a response to a threat
RATIONALE Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain
equilibrium and deal with demands. Anxiety is a response to a real or perceived
threat. While related, they are distinct concepts in nursing and psychology.
4. What are the risks of prolonged stress?
A. Increased risk for many physical problems, increased secretion of cortisol affecting
metabolism and immune responses, increased risk of stress-related disorders
B. Only weight gain
C. Only poor immune function
D. Only psychological issues
CORRECT ANSWER A — Increased risk for many physical problems, increased secretion of
cortisol affecting metabolism and immune responses, increased risk of
stress-related disorders
RATIONALE Prolonged stress increases the risk for many physical problems, increases cortisol
secretion (which affects metabolism and immune responses leading to weight
gain and poor healing), and increases the risk of stress-related disorders.
, 5. What are the warning signs of high stress?
A. Memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor judgment, negativity, worry, irritability,
agitation, isolation, depression
B. Only memory problems
C. Only physical symptoms
D. Only emotional symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER A — Memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor judgment, negativity,
worry, irritability, agitation, isolation, depression
RATIONALE Warning signs of high stress include memory problems, inability to concentrate,
poor judgment, negativity, worry, irritability, agitation, isolation, and depression.
Recognizing these signs is important for early intervention and stress
management.
6. What are some things that cause stress in the workplace?
A. Incivility/hostile environment, technology, staffing issues, cultural competence, violence
(nurse to nurse; patient to nurse; organizational)
B. Only staffing issues
C. Only technology
D. Only violence
CORRECT ANSWER A — Incivility/hostile environment, technology, staffing issues, cultural
competence, violence (nurse to nurse; patient to nurse; organizational)
RATIONALE Workplace stress can be caused by incivility and hostile environments,
technology challenges, staffing issues, cultural competence challenges, and
violence (nurse-to-nurse, patient-to-nurse, and organizational). These factors can
significantly impact nurse well-being and patient care.
2 MAXE · 132 SRUN
★ ★
NURS 231 — Exam 2: Stress, Sleep, QSEN & Safety
P
TO TRANSFORM LIVES AND COMMUNITIES BY PROVIDING LEARNING
EST. 1972
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL WHO ASPIRE TO THRIVE.
Portage Learning NURS 231 Exam 2 — Stress, Sleep,
QSEN & Safety
CO M P L E T E Q U E ST I O N S & CO R R E CT D E TA I L E D A N S W E RS
INSTITUTION Portage Learning PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NURS 231 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Portage Learning NURS 231 Exam
2
TOTAL QUESTIONS 100 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Stress and coping, defense mechanisms, sleep, QSEN competencies, patient safety, and medication
administration are all testable content.
▸ Fight or flight response, therapeutic communication, and just culture are emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content reflects current nursing practice standards.
, SECTION I — STRESS, SLEEP, QSEN & SAFETY:
Questions 1 – 100
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. What are the body's responses to a fight or flight situation?
A. Eyes: tunnel vision; Lungs: fast breathing; Muscles: tense; Liver: converts glycogen to
glucose; Bladder: relaxation; Brain: signal to adrenal glands; Ear: auditory exclusion;
Heart: acceleration; Stomach: slow digestion; Adrenal glands: produce hormones; Hands:
shaking
B. Only increased heart rate and breathing
C. Only muscle tension
D. Only adrenal hormone production
CORRECT ANSWER A — Eyes: tunnel vision; Lungs: fast breathing; Muscles: tense; Liver:
converts glycogen to glucose; Bladder: relaxation; Brain: signal to adrenal
glands; Ear: auditory exclusion; Heart: acceleration; Stomach: slow
digestion; Adrenal glands: produce hormones; Hands: shaking
RATIONALE The fight or flight response involves multiple body systems preparing for action.
The eyes develop tunnel vision, lungs increase breathing rate, muscles tense, the
liver converts glycogen to glucose for energy, the bladder relaxes, the brain
signals the adrenal glands, auditory exclusion occurs, the heart accelerates,
digestion slows, adrenal glands produce hormones, and hands may shake.
2. What is anxiety?
A. A response to a real or perceived threat to an individual
B. The body's response to stress
C. A reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain equilibrium
D. A positive emotional state
CORRECT ANSWER A — A response to a real or perceived threat to an individual
RATIONALE Anxiety is a response to a real or perceived threat to an individual. It is a
psychological and physiological response that can range from mild to severe and
can significantly impact health and well-being.
,3. What is the difference between anxiety and stress?
A. Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain equilibrium;
anxiety is a response to a threat
B. Stress is always negative; anxiety is always positive
C. They are the same thing
D. Stress is physical; anxiety is emotional
CORRECT ANSWER A — Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to
maintain equilibrium; anxiety is a response to a threat
RATIONALE Stress is a reaction that includes the body's responses to trying to maintain
equilibrium and deal with demands. Anxiety is a response to a real or perceived
threat. While related, they are distinct concepts in nursing and psychology.
4. What are the risks of prolonged stress?
A. Increased risk for many physical problems, increased secretion of cortisol affecting
metabolism and immune responses, increased risk of stress-related disorders
B. Only weight gain
C. Only poor immune function
D. Only psychological issues
CORRECT ANSWER A — Increased risk for many physical problems, increased secretion of
cortisol affecting metabolism and immune responses, increased risk of
stress-related disorders
RATIONALE Prolonged stress increases the risk for many physical problems, increases cortisol
secretion (which affects metabolism and immune responses leading to weight
gain and poor healing), and increases the risk of stress-related disorders.
, 5. What are the warning signs of high stress?
A. Memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor judgment, negativity, worry, irritability,
agitation, isolation, depression
B. Only memory problems
C. Only physical symptoms
D. Only emotional symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER A — Memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor judgment, negativity,
worry, irritability, agitation, isolation, depression
RATIONALE Warning signs of high stress include memory problems, inability to concentrate,
poor judgment, negativity, worry, irritability, agitation, isolation, and depression.
Recognizing these signs is important for early intervention and stress
management.
6. What are some things that cause stress in the workplace?
A. Incivility/hostile environment, technology, staffing issues, cultural competence, violence
(nurse to nurse; patient to nurse; organizational)
B. Only staffing issues
C. Only technology
D. Only violence
CORRECT ANSWER A — Incivility/hostile environment, technology, staffing issues, cultural
competence, violence (nurse to nurse; patient to nurse; organizational)
RATIONALE Workplace stress can be caused by incivility and hostile environments,
technology challenges, staffing issues, cultural competence challenges, and
violence (nurse-to-nurse, patient-to-nurse, and organizational). These factors can
significantly impact nurse well-being and patient care.
