NSG 500 ADVANCED HEALTH
ASSESSMENT - COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A 72-year-old patient presents with a sudden loss of central vision but peripheral vision
remains intact. Which condition is most likely?
A. Open-angle glaucoma
B. Age-related macular degeneration
C. Cataracts
D. Retinal detachment
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Macular degeneration involves the deterioration of the macula,
leading to loss of central vision. Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first, while
cataracts cause generalized blurring.
2. During a cardiac assessment, the nurse practitioner notes a low-pitched early diastolic
sound heard best at the apex with the bell of the stethoscope. This is indicative of:
A. S4 gallop
B. S3 gallop
,C. Mitral stenosis
D. Aortic regurgitation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The S3 gallop (ventricular gallop) occurs in early diastole during
the rapid ventricular filling phase and is best heard at the apex with the bell.
3. When performing the Weber test, a patient with conductive hearing loss in the right ear
will experience:
A. Sound lateralizing to the left ear
B. Sound lateralizing to the right ear
C. Sound heard equally in both ears
D. Air conduction greater than bone conduction
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In conductive hearing loss, sound lateralizes to the ‘bad’ ear
because the affected ear is not distracted by ambient noise.
4. Which physical exam maneuver is specifically used to assess for a torn meniscus in the
knee?
A. Lachman test
B. McMurray test
C. Bulge sign
, D. Anterior drawer test
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The McMurray test involves rotating the lower leg and
extending the knee to check for clicks or pain indicating a meniscal tear.
5. A patient exhibits a positive Murphy’s sign. This finding is most suggestive of which of the
following?
A. Acute cholecystitis
B. Acute appendicitis
C. Splenomegaly
D. Nephrolithiasis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Murphy’s sign is positive when a patient stops breathing
(inspiratory arrest) during deep palpation of the right upper quadrant, indicating
gallbladder inflammation.
6. When assessing the respiratory system, the finding of egophony (hearing ‘A’ when the
patient says ‘E’) indicates:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Emphysema
C. Consolidation (e.g., pneumonia)
ASSESSMENT - COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A 72-year-old patient presents with a sudden loss of central vision but peripheral vision
remains intact. Which condition is most likely?
A. Open-angle glaucoma
B. Age-related macular degeneration
C. Cataracts
D. Retinal detachment
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Macular degeneration involves the deterioration of the macula,
leading to loss of central vision. Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first, while
cataracts cause generalized blurring.
2. During a cardiac assessment, the nurse practitioner notes a low-pitched early diastolic
sound heard best at the apex with the bell of the stethoscope. This is indicative of:
A. S4 gallop
B. S3 gallop
,C. Mitral stenosis
D. Aortic regurgitation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The S3 gallop (ventricular gallop) occurs in early diastole during
the rapid ventricular filling phase and is best heard at the apex with the bell.
3. When performing the Weber test, a patient with conductive hearing loss in the right ear
will experience:
A. Sound lateralizing to the left ear
B. Sound lateralizing to the right ear
C. Sound heard equally in both ears
D. Air conduction greater than bone conduction
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In conductive hearing loss, sound lateralizes to the ‘bad’ ear
because the affected ear is not distracted by ambient noise.
4. Which physical exam maneuver is specifically used to assess for a torn meniscus in the
knee?
A. Lachman test
B. McMurray test
C. Bulge sign
, D. Anterior drawer test
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The McMurray test involves rotating the lower leg and
extending the knee to check for clicks or pain indicating a meniscal tear.
5. A patient exhibits a positive Murphy’s sign. This finding is most suggestive of which of the
following?
A. Acute cholecystitis
B. Acute appendicitis
C. Splenomegaly
D. Nephrolithiasis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Murphy’s sign is positive when a patient stops breathing
(inspiratory arrest) during deep palpation of the right upper quadrant, indicating
gallbladder inflammation.
6. When assessing the respiratory system, the finding of egophony (hearing ‘A’ when the
patient says ‘E’) indicates:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Emphysema
C. Consolidation (e.g., pneumonia)
